source: trunk/libs/libalmosmkh/almosmkh.c @ 662

/*
 * almosmkh.c - User level ALMOS-MKH specific library implementation.
 * 
 * Author     Alain Greiner (2016,2017,2018,2019,2020)
 *
 * Copyright (c) UPMC Sorbonne Universites
 *
 * This file is part of ALMOS-MKH.
 *
 * ALMOS-MKH is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; version 2.0 of the License.
 *
 * ALMOS-MKH is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
 * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with ALMOS-MKH; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
 */

#include <almosmkh.h>
#include <hal_user.h>
#include <hal_macros.h>
#include <hal_shared_types.h>
#include <shared_fbf.h>
#include <syscalls_numbers.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <mman.h>

#define  DEBUG_REMOTE_MALLOC     0
#define  DEBUG_PTHREAD_PARALLEL  0
 
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////     Non standard system calls    ///////////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//////////////////////////
int fg( unsigned int pid )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_FG,
                             (reg_t)pid, 0, 0, 0 );
}

//////////////////////////////
int is_fg( unsigned int   pid,
           unsigned int * owner )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_IS_FG,
                             (reg_t)pid,
                             (reg_t)owner, 0, 0 );
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////
int get_config( struct hard_config_s * config )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_GET_CONFIG,
                             (reg_t)config, 0, 0, 0);
}

////////////////////////////////////
int get_core_id( unsigned int * cxy,
                 unsigned int * lid )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_GET_CORE_ID,
                             (reg_t)cxy,
                             (reg_t)lid, 0, 0 );
}

/////////////////////////////////////
int get_nb_cores( unsigned int   cxy,
                  unsigned int * ncores )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_GET_NB_CORES,
                             (reg_t)cxy,
                             (reg_t)ncores, 0, 0 );
}

///////////////////////////////////////////
int get_best_core( unsigned int   base_cxy,
                   unsigned int   level,
                   unsigned int * cxy,
                   unsigned int * lid )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_GET_BEST_CORE,
                             (reg_t)base_cxy,
                             (reg_t)level,
                             (reg_t)cxy,
                             (reg_t)lid );
}

///////////////////////////////////////////
int get_cycle( unsigned long long * cycle )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_GET_CYCLE,
                             (reg_t)cycle, 0, 0, 0 );
}

//////////////////////////////////
int place_fork( unsigned int cxy )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_PLACE_FORK,
                             (reg_t)cxy, 0, 0, 0 );
}

/////////////////////////////////
int utls( unsigned int operation,
          unsigned int value )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_UTLS,
                             (reg_t)operation,
                             (reg_t)value, 0, 0 );
}

///////////////////////////////////////
int get_uint32( unsigned int * buffer )
{
    unsigned int  i;
    int           c;    // ASCII character value

    unsigned char buf[32];

    unsigned int  save          = 0;
    unsigned int  value         = 0;
    unsigned int  done          = 0;
    unsigned int  overflow      = 0;
    unsigned int  length        = 0;

    // get characters
    while (done == 0) 
    {
        // read one character
        c = getchar();

        // analyse this character
        if ( ((c > 0x2F) && (c < 0x3A)) ||                      // 0 to 9
             ((c > 0x40) && (c < 0x47)) ||                      // A to F
             ((c > 0x60) && (c < 0x67)) ||                      // a to f
             (((c == 0x58) || (c == 0x78)) && (length == 1)) )  // X or x
        {
            putchar( c );                       // echo
            if ( c > 0x60 )  c = c - 0x20;      // to upper case
            buf[length] = (unsigned char)c;
            length++;                      
        }
        else if (c == 0x0A)                                     // LF character 
        {
            done = 1;
        }
        else if ( (c == 0x7F) ||                                // DEL character
                  (c == 0x08) )                                 // BS  character 
        {
            if ( length > 0 ) 
            {
                length--;          
                printf("\b \b");                // BS /  / BS 
            }
        }
        else if ( c == 0 )                                      // EOF character
        {
            overflow = 1;
            done     = 1;
        }

        // test buffer overflow
        if ( length >= 32 )  
        {
            overflow = 1;
            done     = 1;
        }
    }  // end while characters

    // string to int conversion with overflow detection
    if ( overflow == 0 )
    {
        // test (decimal / hexa)
        if( (buf[0] == 0x30) && (buf[1] == 0x58) )     // hexadecimal input
        {
            for (i = 2; (i < length) && (overflow == 0) ; i++)
            {
                if( buf[i] < 0x40 ) value = (value << 4) + (buf[i] - 0x30);
                else                value = (value << 4) + (buf[i] - 0x37);
                if (value < save) overflow = 1; 
                save = value;
            }
        }
        else                                           // decimal input
        {
            for (i = 0; (i < length) && (overflow == 0) ; i++) 
            {
                value = (value * 10) + (buf[i] - 0x30);
                if (value < save) overflow = 1; 
                save = value;
            }
        }
    } 

    // final evaluation 
    if ( overflow == 0 )
    {
        // return value
        *buffer = value;
        return 0;
    }
    else
    {
        // cancel all echo characters
        for (i = 0; i < length ; i++) 
        {
            printf("\b \b");                  // BS /  / BS 
        }

        // echo character '0'
        putchar( '0' );

        // return 0 value 
        *buffer = 0;
        return -1;
    }
}  // end get_uint32()

//////////////////////////////
int get_string( char * string,
                int    maxlen )
{
    int c;
    int done   = 0;
    int length = 0;

    while( done == 0 )
    {
        // check buffer overflow
        if( length >= maxlen-1 )
        {
            // cancel all echo characters
            while( length )
            {
               printf("\b \b");             // cancel one echo character
               length--;                    
            }
        }

        // read one character
        c = getchar();

        // analyse this character
        if ( (c >= 0x20) && (c < 0x7F) )    // printable character
        {
            putchar( c );                   // echo
            string[length] = (char)c;       // register character in string
            length++;                       // update length
        }
        else if (c == 0x0A)                 // LF character marks end of string
        {
            putchar( c );
            done = 1;
        }
        else if ( (c == 0x7F) ||            // DEL character
                  (c == 0x08) )             // BS  character 
        {
            if ( length > 0 ) 
            {
                printf("\b \b");            // cancel one echo character
                length--;          
            }
        }
        else if ( c == 0 )                  // EOF character
        {
            // cancel all echo characters
            while( length )
            {
               printf("\b \b");             // cancel one echo character
               length--;                    
            }
            return -1;                      // return failure
        }
    }

    // set NUL character in string and return success
    string[length] = 0;
    return length + 1;

}  // end get_string()

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///////////////    non standard debug functions    ///////////////////////////////////
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

///////////////////////////////////////////
int get_thread_info( thread_info_t * info )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_GET_THREAD_INFO,
                             (reg_t)info, 0, 0, 0 );
}

////////////////////////////////////
void display_string( char * string )
{
    hal_user_syscall( SYS_DISPLAY,
                      DISPLAY_STRING,
                      (reg_t)string, 0, 0 );
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int display_vmm( unsigned int cxy,
                 unsigned int pid,
                 unsigned int mapping )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_DISPLAY,
                             DISPLAY_VMM,
                             (reg_t)cxy,
                             (reg_t)pid,
                             (reg_t)mapping );
} 

////////////////////////////////////
int display_sched( unsigned int cxy,
                   unsigned int lid )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_DISPLAY,
                             DISPLAY_SCHED,
                             (reg_t)cxy,
                             (reg_t)lid, 0 );
} 

////////////////////////////////////////////////
int display_cluster_processes( unsigned int cxy,
                               unsigned int owned )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_DISPLAY,
                             DISPLAY_CLUSTER_PROCESSES,
                             (reg_t)cxy,
                             (reg_t)owned, 0 );
} 

////////////////////////////////////////
int display_busylocks( unsigned int pid,
                       unsigned int trdid )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_DISPLAY,
                             DISPLAY_BUSYLOCKS,
                             (reg_t)pid,
                             (reg_t)trdid, 0 );
} 

/////////////////////////
int display_chdev( void )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_DISPLAY,
                             DISPLAY_CHDEV, 0, 0, 0 );
} 

///////////////////////
int display_vfs( void )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_DISPLAY,
                             DISPLAY_VFS, 0, 0, 0 );
} 

////////////////////////////////////////////////
int display_txt_processes( unsigned int txt_id )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_DISPLAY,
                             DISPLAY_TXT_PROCESSES,
                             (reg_t)txt_id, 0, 0 );
} 

////////////////////////
int display_dqdt( void )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_DISPLAY,
                             DISPLAY_DQDT, 0, 0, 0 );
} 

///////////////////////////////////////
int display_mapper( char        * path,
                    unsigned int  page_id,
                    unsigned int  nbytes)
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_DISPLAY,
                             DISPLAY_MAPPER,
                             (reg_t)path,
                             (reg_t)page_id,
                             (reg_t)nbytes );
} 

///////////////////////////////////////
int display_barrier( unsigned int pid )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_DISPLAY,
                             DISPLAY_BARRIER,
                             (reg_t)pid, 0, 0 );
} 

///////////////////////////////////////
int display_fat( unsigned int  min_slot,
                 unsigned int  nb_slots )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_DISPLAY,
                             DISPLAY_FAT,
                             (reg_t)min_slot,
                             (reg_t)nb_slots, 0 );
} 

/////////////////////////////////////
int display_socket( unsigned int pid,
                    unsigned int fdid )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_DISPLAY,
                             DISPLAY_SOCKET,
                             (reg_t)pid,
                             (reg_t)fdid, 0 );
}

///////////////////////////////
int trace( unsigned int active,
           unsigned int cxy, 
           unsigned int lid )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_TRACE,
                             (reg_t)active,
                             (reg_t)cxy,
                             (reg_t)lid, 0 );
}

/////////////////
void idbg( void )
{
   char          cmd;
   int           error;

   while( 1 )
   {
        // display prompt
        printf("\n[idbg] cmd = ");

        // get a one character command
        cmd = (char)getchar();

        // display all busylocks owned by thread(pid,trdid)
        if( cmd == 'b' )
        {
            unsigned int pid;
            unsigned int trdid;

            printf("b / pid = ");
            error = get_uint32( &pid );

            printf(" / trdid = ");
            error |= get_uint32( &trdid );

            if( error == 0 ) display_busylocks( pid , trdid );
        }
        // return to calling process
        else if( cmd == 'c' )
        {
            printf("c\n");
            break;
        }
        // display FAT mapper(min,slots)
        else if( cmd == 'f' )
        {
            unsigned int min;
            unsigned int slots;

            printf(" / min = ");
            error = get_uint32( &min );

            printf(" / slots = ");
            error |= get_uint32( &slots );

            if( error == 0 ) display_fat( min , slots );
        }
        // list all supported commands
        else if( cmd == 'h' )
        {
            printf("h\n" 
                   "- b : display on TXT0 busylocks taken by thread[pid,trdid]\n"
                   "- c : resume calling process execution\n"
                   "- f : display on TXT0 FAT mapper[min_slot,nb_slotss]\n"
                   "- h : list of supported commands\n"
                   "- m : display on TXT0 mapper[path,page,nbytes]\n"
                   "- p : display on TXT0 process descriptors in cluster[cxy]\n"
                   "- q : display on TXT0 DQDT state\n"
                   "- s : display on TXT0 scheduler state for core[cxy,lid]\n"
                   "- t : display on TXT0 process decriptors attached to TXT[tid]\n"
                   "- v : display on TXT0 VMM state for process[cxy,pid]\n"
                   "- x : force calling process to exit\n"
                   "- y : activate/desactivate trace for core[cxy,lid]\n"
                   );
        }
        // display MAPPER(path,page,nbytes)
        else if( cmd == 'm' )
        {
            char  path[128];
            unsigned int page;
            unsigned int nbytes;

            printf("m / path = ");
            error = get_string( path , 128 );

            printf(" / page = ");
            error |= get_uint32( &page );

            printf(" / nbytes = ");
            error |= get_uint32( &nbytes );

            if( error == 0 ) display_mapper( path , page , nbytes );
        }
        // display all processes in cluster(cxy)
        else if( cmd == 'p' )
        {
            unsigned int cxy;

            printf("p / cxy = ");
            error = get_uint32( &cxy );

            if( error == 0 ) display_cluster_processes( cxy , 0 );
        }
        // display DQDT
        else if( cmd == 'q' )
        {
            printf("q\n");
            display_dqdt();
        }
        // display scheduler state for core(cxy,lid)
        else if( cmd == 's' )
        {
            unsigned int cxy;
            unsigned int lid;

            printf("s / cxy = ");
            error = get_uint32( &cxy );

            printf(" / lid = ");
            error |= get_uint32( &lid );

            if( error == 0 ) display_sched( cxy , lid );
        }
        // display all processes attached to TXT(txt_id)
        else if( cmd == 't' )
        {
            unsigned int txt_id;

            printf("t / txt_id = ");
            error = get_uint32( &txt_id );

            if( error == 0 ) display_txt_processes( txt_id );
        }
        // display vmm state for process(cxy, pid)
        else if( cmd == 'v' )
        {
            unsigned int cxy;
            unsigned int pid;
            unsigned int map;

            printf("v / cxy = ");
            error = get_uint32( &cxy );

            printf(" / pid = ");
            error |= get_uint32( &pid );

            printf(" / mapping = ");
            error |= get_uint32( &map );

            if( error == 0 ) display_vmm( cxy , pid , map );
        }
        // force the calling process to exit
        else if( cmd == 'x' )
        {
            printf("x\n");
            exit( 0 );
        }
        // activate scheduler trace for core(cxy,lid)
        else if( cmd == 'y' )
        {
            unsigned int active;
            unsigned int cxy;
            unsigned int lid;

            printf("y / active = ");
            error = get_uint32( &active );

            printf(" / cxy = ");
            error |= get_uint32( &cxy );

            printf(" / lid = ");
            error |= get_uint32( &lid );

            if( error == 0 ) trace( active , cxy , lid );
        }
    }  // en while
}  // end idbg()


/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///////////////    non standard remote_malloc    ////////////////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Global variable defining the allocator array (one per cluster)
// This array (about 16 Kbytes ) will be stored in the data segment
// of any application linked with this libray.
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

malloc_store_t   store[MALLOC_MAX_CLUSTERS];

// Macro returning the smallest power of 2 larger or equal to size value

#define GET_SIZE_INDEX(size)                (size <= 0x00000001) ? 0  :\
                                            (size <= 0x00000002) ? 1  :\
                                            (size <= 0x00000004) ? 2  :\
                                            (size <= 0x00000008) ? 3  :\
                                            (size <= 0x00000010) ? 4  :\
                                            (size <= 0x00000020) ? 5  :\
                                            (size <= 0x00000040) ? 6  :\
                                            (size <= 0x00000080) ? 7  :\
                                            (size <= 0x00000100) ? 8  :\
                                            (size <= 0x00000200) ? 9  :\
                                            (size <= 0x00000400) ? 10 :\
                                            (size <= 0x00000800) ? 11 :\
                                            (size <= 0x00001000) ? 12 :\
                                            (size <= 0x00002000) ? 13 :\
                                            (size <= 0x00004000) ? 14 :\
                                            (size <= 0x00008000) ? 15 :\
                                            (size <= 0x00010000) ? 16 :\
                                            (size <= 0x00020000) ? 17 :\
                                            (size <= 0x00040000) ? 18 :\
                                            (size <= 0x00080000) ? 19 :\
                                            (size <= 0x00100000) ? 20 :\
                                            (size <= 0x00200000) ? 21 :\
                                            (size <= 0x00400000) ? 22 :\
                                            (size <= 0x00800000) ? 23 :\
                                            (size <= 0x01000000) ? 24 :\
                                            (size <= 0x02000000) ? 25 :\
                                            (size <= 0x04000000) ? 26 :\
                                            (size <= 0x08000000) ? 27 :\
                                            (size <= 0x10000000) ? 28 :\
                                            (size <= 0x20000000) ? 29 :\
                                            (size <= 0x40000000) ? 30 :\
                                            (size <= 0x80000000) ? 31 :\
                                                                   32

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// This static function display the current state of the allocator in cluster <cxy>.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#if DEBUG_REMOTE_MALLOC
static void display_free_array( unsigned int cxy )
{
    unsigned int next;
    unsigned int id;
    unsigned int iter;

    printf("\n*****   store[%x] base = %x / size = %x\n", 
    cxy , store[cxy].store_base, store[cxy].store_size );
    for ( id = 0 ; id < 32 ; id++ )
    { 
        next = store[cxy].free[id];
        printf(" - free[%d] = " , id );
        iter = 0;
        while ( next != 0 )
        {
            printf("%x | ", next );
            next = (*(unsigned int*)next);
            iter++;
        }
        printf("0\n");
    }
}  // end display_free_array()
#endif


////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////i//////////////////////
// This static function initialises the store in the cluster identified by the <cxy>
// arguments. It is called by the remote_malloc() function when a specific store(x,y)
// is accessed for the first time.
// It uses the mmap( MAP_REMOTE ) syscall to allocate a new vseg mapped in cluster (cxy).
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////i//////////////////////
// @ cxy        : target cluster identifier (fixed format).
// @ store_size : store size (bytes).
// # return without setting the initialized field in store(cxy) if failure.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////i//////////////////////
static void store_init( unsigned int cxy,
                        unsigned int store_size )
{
    unsigned int   store_base;       // store base address
    unsigned int   free_index;       // index in free[array]

    unsigned int   alloc_base;       // alloc[] array base 
    unsigned int   alloc_size;       // alloc[] array size
    unsigned int   alloc_index;      // index in alloc[array]

    unsigned int   iter;             // iterator

#if DEBUG_REMOTE_MALLOC
unsigned int core_cxy;
unsigned int core_lid;
get_core_id( &core_cxy , &core_lid );
printf("\n[%s] core[%x,%d] enter for store[%x] / size = %x\n",
__FUNCTION__, core_cxy, core_lid, cxy, store_size );
#endif

    // get index in free[] array from size
    free_index = GET_SIZE_INDEX( store_size );

    // check store size power of 2
    if( store_size != (unsigned int)(1<<free_index) )
    {
        printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : store[%x] size not power of 2 / size = %x\n",
        __FUNCTION__, cxy , store_size );
        return;
    }

    // allocate store in virtual space
    void * vadr = mmap( NULL,                     // MAP_FIXED not supported
                        store_size,
                        PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
                        MAP_REMOTE| MAP_SHARED,
                        cxy,                      // fd is cluster identifier
                        0 );                      // offset unused 

    if( vadr == NULL )
    {
        printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : cannot mmap store[%x]\n",
        __FUNCTION__, cxy );
        return;
    }

    store_base = (unsigned int)vadr;

    // check allocated store alignment
    if( store_base % store_size )
    {
        printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : store[%x] not aligned / base = %x / size = %x\n",
        __FUNCTION__, cxy , store_base , store_size );
        return;
    }

#if DEBUG_REMOTE_MALLOC
printf("\n[%s] core[%x,%d] created vseg %x for store[%x]\n",
__FUNCTION__, core_cxy, core_lid, store_base, cxy );
#endif

    // compute size of block containing alloc[] array 
    alloc_size = store_size / MALLOC_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE;
    if ( alloc_size < MALLOC_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE) alloc_size = MALLOC_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE;

    // get index for the corresponding block
    alloc_index = GET_SIZE_INDEX( alloc_size );

    // compute alloc[] array base address
    alloc_base = store_base + store_size - alloc_size;

    // reset the free[] array 
    for ( iter = 0 ; iter < 32 ; iter++ )
    {
        store[cxy].free[iter] = 0;
    }

    // split the store into various sizes blocks,
    // initializes the free[] array and NEXT pointers
    // base is the block base address
    unsigned int   base = store_base;
    unsigned int * ptr;
    for ( iter = free_index-1 ; iter >= alloc_index ; iter-- )
    {
        store[cxy].free[iter] = base;
        ptr = (unsigned int*)base;
        *ptr = 0;
        base = base + (1<<iter);
    }

    // initialize store mutex
    if( pthread_mutex_init( &store[cxy].mutex , NULL ) )
    {
        printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : cannot initialize mutex for store[%x]\n", 
        __FUNCTION__, cxy );
        return;
    }

    store[cxy].cxy         = cxy;
    store[cxy].store_base  = store_base;
    store[cxy].store_size  = store_size;
    store[cxy].alloc_size  = alloc_size;
    store[cxy].alloc_base  = alloc_base;
    store[cxy].initialized = MALLOC_INITIALIZED;


#if DEBUG_REMOTE_MALLOC
printf("\n[%s] core[%x,%d] completed store[%x] initialisation\n",
__FUNCTION__, core_cxy, core_lid, cxy );
#endif

#if (DEBUG_REMOTE_MALLOC & 1)
display_free_array( cxy );
#endif

}  // end store_init()

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
static unsigned int split_block( malloc_store_t * store,
                                 unsigned int     vaddr, 
                                 unsigned int     searched_index,
                                 unsigned int     requested_index )
{
    // push the upper half block into free[searched_index-1]
    unsigned int* new            = (unsigned int*)(vaddr + (1<<(searched_index-1)));
    *new                         = store->free[searched_index-1]; 
    store->free[searched_index-1] = (unsigned int)new;
        
    if ( searched_index == requested_index + 1 )  // terminal case: return lower half block 
    {
        return vaddr;
    }
    else            // non terminal case : lower half block must be split again
    {                               
        return split_block( store, vaddr, searched_index-1, requested_index );
    }
} // end split_block()

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
static unsigned int get_block( malloc_store_t * store,
                               unsigned int     searched_index,
                               unsigned int     requested_index )
{
    // test terminal case
    if ( (unsigned int)(1<<searched_index) > store->store_size )  // failure
    {
        return 0;
    }
    else                            // search a block in free[searched_index]
    {
        unsigned int vaddr = store->free[searched_index];
        if ( vaddr == 0 )     // block not found : search in free[searched_index+1]
        {
            return get_block( store, searched_index+1, requested_index );
        }
        else                // block found : pop it from free[searched_index] 
        {
            // pop the block from free[searched_index]
            unsigned int next = *((unsigned int*)vaddr); 
            store->free[searched_index] = next;
            
            // test if the block must be split
            if ( searched_index == requested_index )  // no split required
            {
                return vaddr;
            }
            else                                      // split is required
            {
                return split_block( store, vaddr, searched_index, requested_index );
            }
        } 
    }
} // end get_block()

////////////////////////////////////////
void * remote_malloc( unsigned int size,
                      unsigned int cxy )
{
    int error;

#if DEBUG_REMOTE_MALLOC
unsigned int core_cxy;
unsigned int core_lid;
get_core_id( &core_cxy , &core_lid );
printf("\n[%s] core[%x,%d] enter for size = %x / target_cxy = %x\n",
__FUNCTION__ , core_cxy, core_lid, size , cxy );
#endif

    // check arguments
    if( size == 0 )
    {
        printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : requested size = 0 \n",
        __FUNCTION__ );
        return NULL;
    }
    if( cxy >= MALLOC_MAX_CLUSTERS )
    {
        printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : illegal cluster %x\n",
        __FUNCTION__ , cxy );
        return NULL;
    }

    // initializes target store if required
    if( store[cxy].initialized != MALLOC_INITIALIZED )
    {
        store_init( cxy , MALLOC_LOCAL_STORE_SIZE );

        if( store[cxy].initialized != MALLOC_INITIALIZED )
        {
            printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : cannot allocate store in cluster %x\n",
            __FUNCTION__ , cxy );
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    // normalize size
    if ( size < MALLOC_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE ) size = MALLOC_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE;

    // compute requested_index for the free[] array
    unsigned int requested_index = GET_SIZE_INDEX( size );

    // take the lock protecting access to store[cxy]
    error = pthread_mutex_lock( &store[cxy].mutex );

    if( error )
    {
        printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : cannot take the lock protecting store in cluster %x\n",
        __FUNCTION__ , cxy );
        return NULL;
    }

    // call the recursive function get_block
    unsigned int base = get_block( &store[cxy], 
                                   requested_index, 
                                   requested_index );

    // check block found
    if (base == 0)
    {
        pthread_mutex_unlock( &store[cxy].mutex );
        printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : no more space in cluster %x\n",
        __FUNCTION__ , cxy );
        return NULL;
    }

    // compute pointer in alloc[] array
    unsigned        offset = (base - store[cxy].store_base) / MALLOC_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE;
    unsigned char * ptr    = (unsigned char*)(store[cxy].alloc_base + offset);

    // update alloc_array
    *ptr = requested_index;

    // release the lock
    pthread_mutex_unlock( &store[cxy].mutex );
 
#if DEBUG_REMOTE_MALLOC
printf("\n[%s] core[%x,%d] exit / base = %x / size = %x / from store[%x]\n",
__FUNCTION__, core_cxy, core_lid, base , size , cxy );
#endif

    return (void*) base;

} // end remote_malloc()

//////////////////////////////////////////
void * remote_calloc ( unsigned int count,
                       unsigned int size,
                       unsigned int cxy )
{
    void * ptr = remote_malloc( count * size , cxy );
    memset( ptr , 0 , count * size );
    return ptr;
}

//////////////////////////////////
void * remote_realloc( void * ptr,
                       unsigned int size,
                       unsigned int cxy )
{
    // simple allocation when (ptr == NULL)
    if( ptr == NULL )
    {
        return remote_malloc( size , cxy );
    }

    // simple free when (size == 0)
    if( size == 0 )
    {
        remote_free( ptr , cxy );
        return NULL;
    }

    // check cxy and ptr in general case
    if( cxy >= MALLOC_MAX_CLUSTERS )
    {
        printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : illegal cluster index %x\n",
        __FUNCTION__ , cxy );
        return NULL;
    }

    unsigned int base = (unsigned int)ptr;

    if( (base < store[cxy].store_base) || 
        (base >= (store[cxy].store_base + store[cxy].store_size)) )
    {
        printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : illegal pointer = %x\n",
        __FUNCTION__, ptr );
        return NULL;
    }
 
    // compute index in free[] array
    int index = (base - store[cxy].store_base) / MALLOC_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE;

    // compute old size
    char        * pchar    = (char *) (store[cxy].alloc_base + index);
    unsigned int  old_size = (unsigned int)(1 << ((int) *pchar));

    // allocate a new block
    void * new_ptr = remote_malloc( size , cxy );

    // save old data to new block
    int min_size = (int)((size < old_size) ? size : old_size);
    memcpy( new_ptr, ptr, min_size );

    // release old block
    remote_free( ptr , cxy );

    return new_ptr;

}  // end remote_realloc()


//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
static void update_free_array( malloc_store_t * store,
                               unsigned int     base,
                               unsigned int     size_index )
{
    // This recursive function try to merge the released block 
    // with the companion block if this companion block is free.
    // This companion has the same size, and almost the same address
    // (only one address bit is different)
    // - If the companion is not in free[size_index],
    //   the released block is pushed in free[size_index].
    // - If the companion is found, it is evicted from free[size_index]
    //   and the merged bloc is pushed in the free[size_index+1].


    // compute released block size
    unsigned int size = 1<<size_index;

    // compute companion block and merged block base addresses
    unsigned int companion_base;  
    unsigned int merged_base;  

    if ( (base & size) == 0 )   // the released block is aligned on (2*size)
    {
        companion_base  = base + size;
        merged_base     = base;
    }
    else
    {
        companion_base  = base - size;
        merged_base     = base - size;
    }

    // scan all blocks in free[size_index]
    // the iter & prev variables are actually addresses
    unsigned int  found = 0;
    unsigned int  iter  = store->free[size_index];
    unsigned int  prev  = (unsigned int)&store->free[size_index];
    while ( iter ) 
    {
        if ( iter == companion_base ) 
        {
            found = 1;
            break;
        }
        prev = iter;
        iter = *(unsigned int*)iter;
    }

    if ( found == 0 )  // Companion not found => push in free[size_index]  
    {
        *(unsigned int*)base   = store->free[size_index];
        store->free[size_index] = base;
    }
    else               // Companion found : merge
    {
        // evict the searched block from free[size_index]
        *(unsigned int*)prev = *(unsigned int*)iter;

        // call the update_free() function for free[size_index+1]
        update_free_array( store, merged_base , size_index+1 );
    }
}  // end update_free_array()

////////////////////////////////////
void remote_free( void        * ptr,
                  unsigned int  cxy )
{

#if DEBUG_REMOTE_MALLOC
printf("\n[MALLOC] %s : enter for block = %x / cxy = %x\n",
__FUNCTION__, ptr, cxy );
#endif

    unsigned int base = (unsigned int)ptr;

    // check cxy value
    if( cxy >= MALLOC_MAX_CLUSTERS )
    {
        printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : illegal cluster index %x\n",
        __FUNCTION__ , cxy );
        return;
    }

    // check ptr value
    if( (base < store[cxy].store_base) || 
        (base >= (store[cxy].store_base + store[cxy].store_size)) )
    {
        printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : illegal pointer for released block = %x\n",
        __FUNCTION__, ptr );
        return;
    }
 
    // get the lock protecting store[cxy]
    pthread_mutex_lock( &store[cxy].mutex );

    // compute released block index in alloc[] array
    unsigned index = (base - store[cxy].store_base ) / MALLOC_MIN_BLOCK_SIZE;
 
    // get the released block size_index
    unsigned char* pchar      = (unsigned char*)(store[cxy].alloc_base + index);
    unsigned int   size_index = (unsigned int)*pchar;

    // check block is allocated
    if ( size_index == 0 )
    {
        pthread_mutex_unlock( &store[cxy].mutex );
        printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : released block not allocated / ptr = %x\n",
        __FUNCTION__, ptr );
        return;
    }

    // check released block alignment
    if ( base % (1 << size_index) )
    {
        pthread_mutex_unlock( &store[cxy].mutex );
        printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : released block not aligned / ptr = %x\n",
        __FUNCTION__, ptr );
        return;
    }

    // reset the alloc[index] entry
    *pchar = 0;

    // call the recursive function update_free_array() 
    update_free_array( &store[cxy], base, size_index ); 

    // release the lock
    pthread_mutex_unlock( &store[cxy].mutex );

#if DEBUG_REMOTE_MALLOC
printf("\n[MALLOC] %s : conmpletes for block = %x / cxy = %x\n",
__FUNCTION__, ptr, cxy );
#endif

} // end remote_free()

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///////////////    non standard pthread_parallel_create    //////////////////////////////
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#define X_MAX                   16              // max number of clusters in a row
#define Y_MAX                   16              // max number of clusters in a column
#define CLUSTERS_MAX            X_MAX * Y_MAX   // max number of clusters 
#define LEVEL_MAX               5               // max level of DQT
#define CORES_MAX               4               // max number of cores per cluster

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//      Global variables
//
// WARNING :  arguments of the pthread_create() function MUST be global variables.
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// 2D array of <build> threads attributes / indexed by [cid][level]
__attribute__((aligned(4096)))
pthread_attr_t                pthread_build_attr[CLUSTERS_MAX][LEVEL_MAX];

// 2D array of <build> threads arguments / indexed by [cid][level]
__attribute__((aligned(4096)))
pthread_parallel_build_args_t pthread_build_args[CLUSTERS_MAX][LEVEL_MAX];

// 1D array of <work> threads attributes / indexed by [tid]
__attribute__((aligned(4096)))
pthread_attr_t                pthread_work_attr[CLUSTERS_MAX * CORES_MAX];

// 1D array of <work> threads arguments / indexed by [tid]
__attribute__((aligned(4096)))
pthread_parallel_work_args_t  pthread_work_args[CLUSTERS_MAX * CORES_MAX];

// kernel thread identifier / unused, but required by pthread_create()
__attribute__((aligned(4096)))
pthread_t                     trdid;

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
static void pthread_recursive_build( pthread_parallel_build_args_t * args )
{

    // get arguments
    unsigned int         cid               = args->cid;
    unsigned int         level             = args->level;
    unsigned int         parent_cid        = args->parent_cid;
    pthread_barrier_t  * parent_barrier    = args->parent_barrier;
    unsigned int         root_level        = args->root_level;
    void               * work_func         = args->work_func;
    unsigned int         x_size            = args->x_size;
    unsigned int         y_size            = args->y_size;
    unsigned int         ncores            = args->ncores;

#if DEBUG_PTHREAD_PARALLEL
printf("\n[%s] <build> thread[%d][%d] enters / parent_cid %d / work_func %x\n",
__FUNCTION__, cid , level , parent_cid , work_func );
#endif

    // set error default value in pthread_build_args[cid][level] 
    pthread_build_args[cid][level].error = 0;

    // get cxy from cid
    unsigned int cxy = HAL_CXY_FROM_XY( cid / y_size , cid % y_size );

    // allocate the parent/child barrier in local cluster
    pthread_barrier_t * barrier = (pthread_barrier_t *)malloc( sizeof(pthread_barrier_t) );

    if( barrier == NULL )
    {
        printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : cannot allocate barrier for <build> thread[%d][%d]\n",
        __FUNCTION__ , cid , level );

        // report error to parent
        pthread_build_args[parent_cid][level+1].error = 1;
    }

    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    if( level == 0 )             // children are <work> threads
    {

        // check number of cores in local cluster
        unsigned int actual_ncores;
        get_nb_cores( cxy , &actual_ncores );

        if( actual_ncores != ncores )
        {
            printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : actual_ncores (%d) in cluster %x\n",
            __FUNCTION__ , actual_ncores, cxy );

            // report error to parent
            pthread_build_args[parent_cid][level+1].error = 1;
        }

        // initializes barrier for (ncores + 1) in flat mode
        if( pthread_barrier_init( barrier , NULL , ncores + 1 ) )
        {
            printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : cannot init barrier for <build> thread[%d][%d]\n",
            __FUNCTION__ , cid , level );

            // report error to parent
            pthread_build_args[parent_cid][level+1].error = 1;
        }

#if DEBUG_PTHREAD_PARALLEL
printf("\n[%s] <build> thread[%d][%d] initialized barrier / %d children\n",
__FUNCTION__, cid, level, ncores );
#endif
        unsigned int   lid;     // core local index for <work> thread
        unsigned int   tid;     // <work> thread continuous index

        // <build> thread creates ncores <work> threads
        for ( lid = 0 ; lid < ncores ; lid++ )
        {
            // compute work thread tid
            tid = (cid * ncores) + lid;

            // set attributes for <work> thread[tid]
            pthread_work_attr[tid].attributes = PT_ATTR_DETACH |
                                                PT_ATTR_CLUSTER_DEFINED |
                                                PT_ATTR_CORE_DEFINED;
            pthread_work_attr[tid].cxy        = cxy;
            pthread_work_attr[tid].lid        = lid;

            // set tid and barrier arguments for <work> thread[tid]
            pthread_work_args[tid].tid     = tid;
            pthread_work_args[tid].barrier = barrier;

            // create <work> thread
            if ( pthread_create( &trdid,                  // unused
                                 &pthread_work_attr[tid],
                                 work_func,
                                 &pthread_work_args[tid] ) ) 
            {
                printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : <build> thread[%d][%d] cannot create <work> thread[%d]\n",
                __FUNCTION__ , cid , level , tid );

                // report error to parent
                pthread_build_args[parent_cid][level+1].error = 1;
            }

#if DEBUG_PTHREAD_PARALLEL
printf("\n[%s] <build> thread[%d][%d] created <work> thread[%d]\n",
__FUNCTION__, cid, level, tid );
#endif
        }

        // wait on barrier until all <work> children threads completed
        if( pthread_barrier_wait( barrier ) )
        {
            printf("\n[ERROR] in %s / barrier for <build> thread[%x][%d]\n",
            __FUNCTION__ , cid , level );

            // report error to parent
            pthread_build_args[parent_cid][level+1].error = 1;
        }

#if DEBUG_PTHREAD_PARALLEL
printf("\n[%s] <build> thread[%d][%d] resume after children completion\n",
__FUNCTION__ , cid , level );
#endif

    }  // end level == 0

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    else                        // children are "build" threads 
    {
        // the 4 children threads can be linked to any core in each
        // sub-macro-cluster[i][j] with [ij] in {00,01,10,11}

        unsigned int parent_x;          // X coordinate of parent macro-cluster 
        unsigned int parent_y;          // Y coordinate of parent macro-cluster
        unsigned int child_x;           // X coordinate of child macro-cluster
        unsigned int child_y;           // Y coordinate of child macro-cluster 
        unsigned int child_cid[2][2];   // selected cluster cid for child[i][j]
        unsigned int child_cxy[2][2];   // selected cluster cxy for child[i][j]
        unsigned int child_lid[2][2];   // selected core index  for child[i][j]
        int          child_sts[2][2];   // -1 if error / 0 if success / +1 if no core
        unsigned int i;                 // loop index for children
        unsigned int j;                 // loop index for children

        unsigned int nb_children = 0;   // actual number of children (can be < 4)

        // get parent macro-cluster mask and half-size from level
        unsigned int mask = (1 << level) - 1;
        unsigned int half = (level > 0) ? (1 << (level - 1)) : 0;

        // get parent macro-cluster coordinates 
        parent_x = HAL_X_FROM_CXY( cxy ) & ~mask;
        parent_y = HAL_Y_FROM_CXY( cxy ) & ~mask;

        // First step : select core for each child thread
        for (i = 0 ; i < 2 ; i++)
        {
            // compute child macro-cluster X coordinate 
            child_x = (i == 0) ? parent_x : (parent_x + half);

            for (j = 0 ; j < 2 ; j++)
            {
                // compute child macro-cluster Y coordinate 
                child_y = (j == 0) ? parent_y : (parent_y + half);

                // select the best core in macro-cluster 
                unsigned int best_cxy;
                unsigned int best_lid;

                child_sts[i][j] = get_best_core( HAL_CXY_FROM_XY( child_x , child_y ),
                                                 level-1,
                                                 &best_cxy,
                                                 &best_lid );

                if( child_sts[i][j] < 0 )  // failure => report error
                {
                    printf("\n[ERROR] in %s select core for child[%d,%d] of <build> thread[%d,%d]\n",
                    __FUNCTION__ , i , j , cid , level );

                    // report error to parent
                    pthread_build_args[parent_cid][level+1].error = 1;
                }
                else if (child_sts[i][j] > 0 )  // macro-cluster empty => does nothing
                {
                }
                else                            // core found
                {
                    child_cxy[i][j] = best_cxy;
                    child_lid[i][j] = best_lid;
                    child_cid[i][j] = (HAL_X_FROM_CXY(best_cxy) * y_size) + HAL_Y_FROM_CXY( best_cxy);
                    nb_children++;

#if DEBUG_PTHREAD_PARALLEL
printf("\n[%s] <build> thread[%d][%d] select core[%x][%d] for child[%d][%d]\n",
__FUNCTION__ , cid , level , best_cxy , best_lid , i , j );
#endif

                }
            }  // end for j
        }  // end for i

        // second step : initialize barrier for (nb_children + 1) in flat mode
        if( pthread_barrier_init( barrier , NULL , nb_children + 1 ) )
        {
            printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : cannot init barrier for <build> thread[%d][%d]\n",
            __FUNCTION__ , cid , level );

            // report error to parent
            pthread_build_args[parent_cid][level+1].error = 1;
        }

#if DEBUG_PTHREAD_PARALLEL
printf("\n[%s] <build> thread[%d][%d] initialized barrier / %d children\n",
__FUNCTION__, cid, level, nb_children );
#endif

        // Third step : actually create the children threads
        for (i = 0 ; i < 2 ; i++)
        {
            for (j = 0 ; j < 2 ; j++)
            {
                // thread is created only if macro-cluster is active
                if( child_sts[i][j] == 0 )
                {
                    unsigned int tgt_cid = child_cid[i][j];
                    unsigned int tgt_lid = child_lid[i][j];
                    unsigned int tgt_cxy = child_cxy[i][j];

                    // set child thread attributes
                    pthread_build_attr[tgt_cid][level-1].attributes = PT_ATTR_DETACH |
                                                                      PT_ATTR_CLUSTER_DEFINED |
                                                                      PT_ATTR_CORE_DEFINED;
                    pthread_build_attr[tgt_cid][level-1].cxy        = tgt_cxy;
                    pthread_build_attr[tgt_cid][level-1].lid        = tgt_lid;

                    // propagate build function arguments from parent to child
                    pthread_build_args[tgt_cid][level-1].cid            = tgt_cid;
                    pthread_build_args[tgt_cid][level-1].level          = level-1;
                    pthread_build_args[tgt_cid][level-1].parent_cid     = cid;
                    pthread_build_args[tgt_cid][level-1].parent_barrier = barrier;
                    pthread_build_args[tgt_cid][level-1].root_level     = root_level;
                    pthread_build_args[tgt_cid][level-1].work_func      = work_func;
                    pthread_build_args[tgt_cid][level-1].x_size         = x_size;
                    pthread_build_args[tgt_cid][level-1].y_size         = y_size;
                    pthread_build_args[tgt_cid][level-1].ncores         = ncores;
                    
                    // create thread
                    if( pthread_create( &trdid,                          
                                        &pthread_build_attr[tgt_cid][level-1],    
                                        &pthread_recursive_build,                          
                                        &pthread_build_args[tgt_cid][level-1] ) )
                    {
                        printf("\n[ERROR] in %s : cannot create <build> thread[%x][%d]\n",
                        __FUNCTION__ , child_cid , level -1 );

                        // report error to parent
                        pthread_build_args[parent_cid][level+1].error = 1;
                    }

#if DEBUG_PTHREAD_PARALLEL
printf("\n[%s] <build> thread[%d][%d] created <build> thread[%d][%d] on core[%x,%d]\n",
__FUNCTION__, cid, level, tgt_cid, (level - 1), tgt_cxy, tgt_lid );
#endif
                }  //end if sts[x][y]
            }  // end for y
        }  // end for x
        
        // wait on barrier until all <build> children threads completed
        if( pthread_barrier_wait( barrier ) )
        {
            printf("\n[ERROR] in %s / barrier for <build> thread[%d][%d]\n",
            __FUNCTION__ , cid , level );

            // report error to parent
            pthread_build_args[parent_cid][level+1].error = 1;
        }

#if DEBUG_PTHREAD_PARALLEL
printf("\n[%s] <build> thread[%x][%d] resume after children completion\n",
__FUNCTION__, cid, level );
#endif

    }  // end level > 0

    // report error to parent when required
    if( pthread_build_args[cid][level].error )
    {
        pthread_build_args[parent_cid][level+1].error = 1;
    }

    // all <build> threads - but the root - signal completion to parent thread and exit 
    if( level < root_level )
    {
        if( pthread_barrier_wait( parent_barrier ) )
        {
            printf("\n[ERROR] in %s / parent barrier for <build> thread[%d][%d]\n",
            __FUNCTION__ , cid , level );

            // report error to parent
            pthread_build_args[parent_cid][level+1].error = 1;
        }
   
#if DEBUG_PTHREAD_PARALLEL
printf("\n[%s] <build> thread[%x][%d] exit\n",
__FUNCTION__, cid , level );
#endif
        // <build> thread exit
        pthread_exit( NULL );
    }
}  // end pthread_recursive_build()


//////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int pthread_parallel_create( unsigned int  root_level,
                             void        * work_func )
{

#if DEBUG_PTHREAD_PARALLEL
printf("\n[%s] enter / root_level %d / func %x\n",
__FUNCTION__, root_level, work_func );
#endif

    // get platform parameters
    hard_config_t  config;
    get_config( &config );
    unsigned int   x_size = config.x_size;
    unsigned int   y_size = config.y_size;
    unsigned int   ncores = config.ncores;

    // get calling thread cluster identifier
    unsigned int   root_cxy;
    unsigned int   root_lid;    // unused, but required by get_core_id()
    get_core_id( &root_cxy , &root_lid );

    // get calling thread continuous index
    unsigned int x        = HAL_X_FROM_CXY( root_cxy );
    unsigned int y        = HAL_Y_FROM_CXY( root_cxy );
    unsigned int root_cid = (y_size * x) + y; 

    // set the build function arguments for the root <build> thread
    pthread_build_args[root_cid][root_level].cid               = root_cid; 
    pthread_build_args[root_cid][root_level].level             = root_level;
    pthread_build_args[root_cid][root_level].parent_cid        = -1;
    pthread_build_args[root_cid][root_level].parent_barrier    = NULL;
    pthread_build_args[root_cid][root_level].root_level        = root_level;
    pthread_build_args[root_cid][root_level].work_func         = work_func;
    pthread_build_args[root_cid][root_level].x_size            = x_size;
    pthread_build_args[root_cid][root_level].y_size            = y_size;
    pthread_build_args[root_cid][root_level].ncores            = ncores;
    
    // call the recursive function
    pthread_recursive_build( &pthread_build_args[root_cid][root_level] );

    // check error when execution completes
    if( pthread_build_args[root_cid][root_level].error )
    {
        printf("\n[error] in  %s\n", __FUNCTION__ );
        return -1;
    }

    return 0;

}  // end pthread_parallel_create()

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
///////////////    non standard Frame Buffer related syscalls
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/////////////////////////////////////////
int fbf_get_config( unsigned int * width,
                    unsigned int * height,
                    unsigned int * type )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_FBF,
                             (reg_t)FBF_GET_CONFIG, 
                             (reg_t)width,
                             (reg_t)height,                           
                             (reg_t)type );                           
}

////////////////////////////////////
int fbf_read( void         * buffer,
              unsigned int   length,
              unsigned int   offset )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_FBF,
                             (reg_t)FBF_DIRECT_READ, 
                             (reg_t)buffer,
                             (reg_t)length,                           
                             (reg_t)offset );                         
}

/////////////////////////////////////
int fbf_write( void         * buffer,
               unsigned int   length,
               unsigned int   offset )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_FBF,
                             (reg_t)FBF_DIRECT_WRITE,
                             (reg_t)buffer,
                             (reg_t)length,                           
                             (reg_t)offset );    
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////
int fbf_create_window( unsigned int    l_zero,
                       unsigned int    p_zero,
                       unsigned int    nlines,
                       unsigned int    npixels,
                       void         ** buffer )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_FBF,
                             (reg_t)FBF_CREATE_WINDOW,
                             (reg_t)((l_zero << 16) | p_zero),
                             (reg_t)((nlines << 16) | npixels),
                             (reg_t)buffer );
}

//////////////////////////////////////////
int fbf_delete_window( unsigned int  wid )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_FBF,
                             (reg_t)FBF_DELETE_WINDOW,
                             (reg_t)wid, 0, 0 );
}

///////////////////////////////////////
int fbf_move_window( unsigned int  wid,
                     unsigned int  l_zero,
                     unsigned int  p_zero )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_FBF,
                             (reg_t)FBF_MOVE_WINDOW,
                             (reg_t)wid,
                             (reg_t)l_zero,
                             (reg_t)p_zero );
}

/////////////////////////////////////////
int fbf_resize_window( unsigned int  wid,
                       unsigned int  width,
                       unsigned int  height )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_FBF,
                             (reg_t)FBF_RESIZE_WINDOW,
                             (reg_t)wid,
                             (reg_t)width,
                             (reg_t)height );
}

//////////////////////////////////////////
int fbf_refresh_window( unsigned int  wid,
                        unsigned int  line_first,
                        unsigned int  line_last )
{
    return hal_user_syscall( SYS_FBF,
                             (reg_t)FBF_REFRESH_WINDOW,
                             (reg_t)wid,
                             (reg_t)line_first,
                             (reg_t)line_last );
}


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