Changes between Version 44 and Version 45 of WikiStart

Timestamp:

Aug 21, 2012, 8:19:07 PM (13 years ago)

Author:

almaless

Comment:

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WikiStart

@@ -14 +14 @@
 In a cc-NUMA architecture, the locality of memory access impacts directly both the scalability and the power consumption (energy by moved bit). The main challenge is to enforce the locality of memory access made by threads of parallel applications as well as kernel-level threads. Although the locality enforcing needs a fine management of hardware resources (mainly cores and physical memory), ALMOS aims to hide the hardware topology and the management of its resources to user's applications. This allows POSIX shared-memory parallel applications as well as legacy applications to benefit from the performances offered by a many-core. 
 
-The design of ALMOS kernel has a distributed approach articulated around objects named cluster-managers. The goal is to reduce the contention on the ressources and to increase the locality of the kernel's memory access when refering to its data-structres. A cluster-manager is a manager of hardware resources of a hardware NUMA node (mainly cores and physical memory). A cluster-manager can locally supply its homed threads with any type of memory-objects including physical pages and kernel-level data-objects. A cluster-manger contains a per-core mangers each of which has its own events manger and a multi-policies scheduler server. In this distributed scheme, the kernel has no global-state notion of resources. Instead it has a decentralized approach to discover from where to allocate the requested resources in respect to the locality of memory access. This decentralized mechanism and its related policies are implemented in the DQDT (Distributed Quaternary Decision Tree). The DQDT is a wait-free mechanism based on a set of resources-usage indicators and integrates the locality awareness in all kernel decisions regarding to the tasks/threads placement, memory allocation and cores load-balancing. It constitutes a common kernel-level framework to build strategies in order to manage the resources of other kernel sub-systems like files and I/O. 
+The design of ALMOS kernel has a distributed approach articulated around objects named cluster-managers. The goal is to reduce the contention on the resources and to increase the locality of the kernel's memory access when referring to its data-structures. A cluster-manager is a manager of hardware resources of a hardware NUMA node (mainly cores and physical memory). A cluster-manager can locally supply its homed threads with any type of memory-objects including physical pages and kernel-level data-objects. A cluster-manager contains a per-core managers. Each core-manager has its own events-manager and a multi-policies scheduler server. In this distributed scheme, the kernel has no global-state notion of resources. Instead it has a decentralized approach to discover from where to allocate the requested resources in respect to the locality of memory access. This decentralized mechanism and its related policies are implemented in the DQDT (Distributed Quaternary Decision Tree). The DQDT is a wait-free mechanism based on a set of resources-usage indicators and integrates the locality awareness in all kernel decisions regarding to the tasks/threads placement, memory allocation and cores load-balancing. It constitutes a common kernel-level framework to build strategies in order to manage the resources of other kernel sub-systems like files and I/O. 
 
-The kernel of ALMOS replicates its code in each cluster by creating a per-cluster kernel-process. The threads of a cluster-manager are attached to its local kernel-process. The kernel of ALMOS has a hybrid notion of threads which is based on a new organization of processes virtual address space. This new organization enables the kernel to replicate both the pages-tables and the application's code and therefore enforcing the locality of the per-core TLBs and I-cache misses. ALMOS threading model is compatible with PThreads standard and it allows the kernel to provide a native support to PGAS (Partitioned Global Address Space) programming model found in HPC oriented languages like UPC (Unified Parallel C). 
+The kernel of ALMOS replicates its code in each cluster by creating a per-cluster kernel-process. The threads of a cluster-manager are attached to their local kernel-process of their cluster. The kernel of ALMOS has a hybrid notion of threads which is based on a new organization of processes virtual address space. This new organization enables the kernel to replicate both of the pages-tables and the application's code and therefore, enforcing the locality of the per-core TLBs and I-cache misses. ALMOS threading model is compatible with PThreads standard and it allows the kernel to provide a native support to PGAS (Partitioned Global Address Space) programming model found in HPC oriented languages like UPC (Unified Parallel C).