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1\anrdoc{Décrire le contexte économique, social, réglementaire
 dans lequel se
2situe le projet en présentant une analyse des enjeux sociaux, économiques,
3environnementaux, industriels
 Donner si possible des arguments chiffrés, par
4exemple, pertinence et portée du projet par rapport à la demande économique
5(analyse du marché, analyse des tendances), analyse de la concurrence,
6indicateurs de réduction de coûts, perspectives de marchés (champs
7d’application, 
). Indicateurs des gains environnementaux, cycle de vie.}
8%
9\subsubsection*{The electronic market}
10\begin{table}\leavevmode\center
11\begin{small}\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}\hline
12Segment                 & 2010   & 2011    & 2012 \\\hline\hline
13Communications          & 1,867  & 1,946   & 2,096 \\
14High end                & 467    & 511     & 550 \\\hline
15Consumer                & 550    & 592     & 672 \\
16High end                & 53     & 62      & 75 \\\hline
17Automotive              & 243    & 286     & 358 \\
18High end                & -      & -       & - \\\hline
19Industrial              & 1,102  & 1,228   & 1,406 \\
20High end                & 177    & 188     & 207 \\\hline
21Military/Aereo          & 566    & 636     & 717 \\
22High end                & 56     & 65      & 82 \\\hline\hline
23Total FPGA/PLD          & 4,659  & 5,015   & 5,583 \\
24Total High-End  FPGA    & 753    & 826     & 914 \\\hline
25\end{tabular}\end{small}
26\caption{\label{fpga_market} Gartner estimation of worldwide FPGA/PLD consumption (Millions \$)}
27\end{table}
28%
29Microelectronic components allow integration of complex functions into products, increases
30commercial attractivity of these products and improves their competitivity.
31\cite{rapport-ministere} estimates a 7\% growth of the micro-electronic market until 2015 at least.
32Multimedia and communication sectors have taken advantage from microelectronics facilities
33thanks to the developpment of design methodologies and tools for embedded systems.
34Unfortunately, the Non Recurring Engineering (NRE) costs involded in the design
35and manufacturing of ASICs is very high.
36An IC foundry costs several billions of euros and the fabrication of a specific circuit
37costs several millions. For example a conservative estimate for a 65nm ASIC project is 10
38million \$ . Consequently, it is more and more unaffordable to design and fabricate ASICs for low and medium
39volume markets and the new trend for building the new generation products will be multi processors SoCs and
40programmable logic for co-processsing.
41\\
42According to a market survey (J-M. Chery, CTO ST Microelectronics at European NanoelectronicsForum 2010),
43the global growth is 30 billon\$ between 2009-2013 for the multimedia and communication sectors; this is
446 times more than all other domains like security, home automation or health.
45The predominance of the multimedia and communication sectors are due to their being predominently a mass market.
46%
47\subsubsection*{FPGAs and Embedded Systems}
48Today, FPGAs become important in the computational domain that was originally dominated
49by microprocessors and ASICs. Just like microprocessors, FPGA based systems can be reprogrammed
50on a per-application basis. For many applications, FPGAs offer significant performance benefits over
51microprocessors implementation. There is still a performance degradation of one order
52of magnitude versus an equivalent ASIC implementations, but low cost
53(500 euros to 10K euros), fast time-to-market and flexibility of FPGAs make them an attractive
54choice for low-to-medium volume applications.
55Since their introduction in the mid eighties, FPGAs evolved from a simple,
56low-capacity gate array to devices (\altera STRATIX III, \xilinx Virtex V) that
57provide a mix of coarse-grained data path units, memory blocks, microprocessor cores,
58on chip A/D conversion, and gate counts by millions. This high logic capacity allows to implement
59complex systems like multi-processors platform with application dedicated coprocessors.
60Table~\ref{fpga_market} shows the estimation of the FPGA worldwide market in the next years in
61various application domains. The ``high end'' lines concern only FPGA with high logic
62capacity for complex system implementations.
63This market is in significant expansion and is estimated to 914\,M\$ in 2012.
64%The HPC market size is estimated today by FPGA providers at 214\,M\$.
65%Using FPGA limits the NRE costs to the design cost.
66%This boosts the developpment of automatic design tools and methodologies.
67%
68\subsubsection*{FPGAs and High Performance Computing}
69Today, several companies (Atipa, blue-arc, Bull, Chelsio, Convey, CRAY, DataDirect, DELL, hp,
70Wild Systems, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Myricom, NEC, nvidia etc) are making systems where demand
71for very high performance (HPC) primes over other requirements. They tend to use the highest
72performing devices like Multi-core CPUs, GPUs, large FPGAs, custom ICs and the most innovative
73architectures and algorithms. These companies show up in different "traditional" applications and market
74segments like computing clusters (ad-hoc), servers and storage, networking and Telecom, ASIC
75emulation and prototyping, military/aereo etc. The HPC market size is estimated today by FPGA providers
76at 214\,M\$.
77This market is dominated by Multi-core CPUs and GPUs based solutions and the expansion
78of FPGA-based solutions is limited by the lack of design automation.
79%
80\subsubsection*{Evolution of architectures}
81Nowadays processors mixing core and programmable matrix are available on the market (eg. Intel ATOM E600C).
82Donald Newell, AMD technical manager, envisions that such circuits will be at the heart of most of the electronic
83products (eg. PDAs and nomad items) and even personal computers.
84To take benefit of such architectures, developping and deploying application will require innovative
85codesign methods and tools.
86
87%
88\subsubsection*{COACH's contribution to this evolution}
89Nowadays, there are no commercial or academic tools covering the whole design flow
90from the system level specification to the bitstream generation, either for embedded system design
91or for HPC.
92\begin{center}\begin{minipage}{.9\linewidth}\textit{
93The aim of the COACH project is to integrate all these design steps into a single design framework
94and to allow \textbf{pure software} developpers to design embedded systems.
95}\end{minipage}\end{center}
96%
97The COACH project proposes an open-source framework for mapping multi-tasks software applications
98on Field Programmable Gate Array circuits (FPGA).
99Its aim is to propose solutions to the societal/economical challenges by
100providing SMEs novel design capabilities enabling them to increase their
101design productivity with design exploration and synthesis methods that are placed on top
102of the state-of-the-art methods.
103We believe that the combination of a design environment dedicated to software developpers
104and FPGA targets,
105will allow small and even very small companies to propose embedded system and accelerating solutions
106for standard software applications with attractive and competitive prices.
107This new market may explode in the same way as the micro-computer market in the eighties,
108whose success was due to the low cost of the first micro-processors (compared to main frames)
109and the advent of high level programming languages which allowed a high number of programmers
110to launch start-ups in software engineering.
111\\
112So this may increase the total
113number of engineers working in this domain: today in France the total is only 26,000 of which
11416,000 are in big companies \cite{rapport-ministere}.
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