source: soft/giet_vm/giet_kernel/sys_handler.c @ 547

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// File     : sys_handler.c
// Date     : 01/04/2012
// Author   : alain greiner and joel porquet
// Copyright (c) UPMC-LIP6
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#include <sys_handler.h>
#include <tty_driver.h>
#include <tim_driver.h>
#include <nic_driver.h>
#include <mmc_driver.h>
#include <mwr_driver.h>
#include <cma_driver.h>
#include <ctx_handler.h>
#include <fat32.h>
#include <utils.h>
#include <kernel_malloc.h>
#include <tty0.h>
#include <vmem.h>
#include <hard_config.h>
#include <giet_config.h>
#include <mapping_info.h>
#include <irq_handler.h>
#include <io.h>

#if !defined(SEG_BOOT_MAPPING_BASE) 
# error: You must define SEG_BOOT_MAPPING_BASE in the hard_config.h file
#endif

#if !defined(NB_TTY_CHANNELS) 
# error: You must define NB_TTY_CHANNELS in the hard_config.h file
#endif

#if (NB_TTY_CHANNELS < 1)
# error: NB_TTY_CHANNELS cannot be smaller than 1!
#endif

#if !defined(NB_TIM_CHANNELS) 
# error: You must define NB_TIM_CHANNELS in the hard_config.h file
#endif

#if !defined(NB_NIC_CHANNELS) 
# error: You must define NB_NIC_CHANNELS in the hard_config.h file
#endif

#if !defined(NB_CMA_CHANNELS) 
# error: You must define NB_CMA_CHANNELS in the hard_config.h file
#endif

#if !defined(GIET_NO_HARD_CC)
# error: You must define GIET_NO_HARD_CC in the giet_config.h file
#endif

#if !defined ( GIET_NIC_MAC4 )
# error: You must define GIET_NIC_MAC4 in the giet_config.h file
#endif

#if !defined ( GIET_NIC_MAC2 )
# error: You must define GIET_NIC_MAC2 in the giet_config.h file
#endif

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//        Extern variables
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

// allocated in tty0.c file.
extern sqt_lock_t _tty0_sqt_lock;

// allocated in mwr_driver.c file.
extern simple_lock_t  _coproc_lock[X_SIZE*Y_SIZE];
extern unsigned int   _coproc_done[X_SIZE*Y_SIZE];

// allocated in tty_driver.c file.
extern unsigned int _tty_rx_full[NB_TTY_CHANNELS];
extern unsigned int _tty_rx_buf[NB_TTY_CHANNELS];

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//     Channel allocators for peripherals
//     (TTY[0] is reserved for kernel)
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

__attribute__((section(".kdata")))
unsigned int _tty_channel_allocator    = 1;

__attribute__((section(".kdata")))
unsigned int _tim_channel_allocator    = 0;

__attribute__((section(".kdata")))
unsigned int _cma_channel_allocator    = 0;

__attribute__((section(".kdata")))
unsigned int _nic_rx_channel_allocator = 0;

__attribute__((section(".kdata")))
unsigned int _nic_tx_channel_allocator = 0;

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//     NIC_RX and NIC_TX chbuf arrays 
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

__attribute__((section(".kdata")))
nic_chbuf_t  _nic_rx_chbuf[NB_NIC_CHANNELS] __attribute__((aligned(64)));

__attribute__((section(".kdata")))
nic_chbuf_t  _nic_tx_chbuf[NB_NIC_CHANNELS] __attribute__((aligned(64)));

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// FBF related chbuf descriptors array, indexed by the CMA channel index.
// Physical addresses of these chbuf descriptors required for L2 cache sync.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

__attribute__((section(".kdata")))
fbf_chbuf_t _fbf_chbuf[NB_CMA_CHANNELS] __attribute__((aligned(64)));

__attribute__((section(".kdata")))
unsigned long long _fbf_chbuf_paddr[NB_CMA_CHANNELS];

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//    Initialize the syscall vector with syscall handlers
// Note: This array must be synchronised with the define in file stdio.h
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

__attribute__((section(".kdata")))
const void * _syscall_vector[64] = 
{
    &_sys_proc_xyp,             /* 0x00 */
    &_get_proctime,             /* 0x01 */
    &_sys_tty_write,            /* 0x02 */
    &_sys_tty_read,             /* 0x03 */
    &_sys_tty_alloc,            /* 0x04 */
    &_sys_tty_get_lock,         /* 0x05 */
    &_sys_tty_release_lock,     /* 0x06 */
    &_sys_heap_info,            /* 0x07 */
    &_sys_local_task_id,        /* 0x08 */
    &_sys_global_task_id,       /* 0x09 */ 
    &_sys_fbf_cma_alloc,        /* 0x0A */
    &_sys_fbf_cma_start,        /* 0x0B */
    &_sys_fbf_cma_display,      /* 0x0C */
    &_sys_fbf_cma_stop,         /* 0x0D */
    &_sys_task_exit,            /* 0x0E */
    &_sys_procs_number,         /* 0x0F */

    &_sys_fbf_sync_write,       /* 0x10 */
    &_sys_fbf_sync_read,        /* 0x11 */
    &_sys_thread_id,            /* 0x12 */
    &_sys_ukn,                  /* 0x13 */
    &_sys_tim_alloc,            /* 0x14 */
    &_sys_tim_start,            /* 0x15 */ 
    &_sys_tim_stop,             /* 0x16 */
    &_sys_ukn,                  /* 0x17 */
    &_sys_ukn,                  /* 0x18 */   
    &_sys_context_switch,       /* 0x19 */
    &_sys_vseg_get_vbase,       /* 0x1A */
    &_sys_vseg_get_length,      /* 0x1B */
    &_sys_xy_from_ptr,          /* 0x1C */
    &_sys_ukn,                  /* 0x1D */
    &_sys_ukn,                  /* 0x1E */
    &_sys_ukn,                  /* 0x1F */

    &_fat_user_open,            /* 0x20 */
    &_fat_user_read,            /* 0x21 */
    &_fat_user_write,           /* 0x22 */
    &_fat_user_lseek,           /* 0x23 */
    &_fat_fstat,                /* 0x24 */
    &_fat_close,                /* 0x25 */
    &_sys_ukn,                  /* 0x26 */
    &_sys_ukn,                  /* 0x27 */
    &_sys_ukn,                  /* 0x28 */
    &_sys_ukn,                  /* 0x29 */
    &_sys_ukn,                  /* 0x2A */
    &_sys_ukn,                  /* 0x2B */
    &_sys_ukn,                  /* 0x2C */
    &_sys_ukn,                  /* 0x2D */
    &_sys_ukn,                  /* 0x2E */
    &_sys_ukn,                  /* 0x2F */

    &_sys_nic_alloc,            /* 0x30 */
    &_sys_nic_start,            /* 0x31 */
    &_sys_nic_move,             /* 0x32 */
    &_sys_nic_stop,             /* 0x33 */
    &_sys_nic_stats,            /* 0x34 */
    &_sys_nic_clear,            /* 0x35 */ 
    &_sys_ukn,                  /* 0x36 */
    &_sys_ukn,                  /* 0x37 */
    &_sys_coproc_register_get,  /* 0x38 */   
    &_sys_coproc_register_set,  /* 0x39 */
    &_sys_coproc_release,       /* 0x3A */
    &_sys_coproc_completed,     /* 0x3B */
    &_sys_coproc_alloc,         /* 0x3C */
    &_sys_coproc_channel_init,  /* 0x3D */
    &_sys_coproc_channel_start, /* 0x3E */
    &_sys_coproc_channel_stop,  /* 0x3F */
};


//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//           Coprocessors related syscall handlers 
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_coproc_register_set( unsigned int  cluster_xy,
                              unsigned int  reg_index,
                              unsigned int  value )
{
    // TODO checking coprocessor ownership...

    _mwr_set_coproc_register( cluster_xy , reg_index , value );
    return 0;
}  

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_coproc_register_get( unsigned int   cluster_xy,
                              unsigned int   reg_index,
                              unsigned int*  buffer )
{
    // TODO checking coprocessor ownership...

    *buffer = _mwr_get_coproc_register( cluster_xy , reg_index );
    return 0;
}  

//////////////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_coproc_alloc( unsigned int   coproc_type,
                       unsigned int*  coproc_info,
                       unsigned int*  cluster_xy )
{
    // In this implementation, the allocation policy is constrained:
    // the coprocessor must be in the same cluster as the calling task,
    // and ther is at most one coprocessor per cluster

    mapping_header_t  * header  = (mapping_header_t *)SEG_BOOT_MAPPING_BASE;
    mapping_cluster_t * cluster = _get_cluster_base(header);
    mapping_periph_t  * periph  = _get_periph_base(header);

    // get cluster coordinates and cluster global index 
    unsigned int procid     = _get_procid();
    unsigned int x          = procid >> (Y_WIDTH + P_WIDTH);
    unsigned int y          = (procid >> P_WIDTH) & ((1<<Y_WIDTH)-1);
    unsigned int cluster_id = x*Y_SIZE + y;
 
    // search coprocessor in cluster
    mapping_periph_t*  found = NULL;
    unsigned int min   = cluster[cluster_id].periph_offset;
    unsigned int max   = min + cluster[cluster_id].periphs;
    unsigned int periph_id;
    for ( periph_id = min ; periph_id < max ; periph_id++ )
    {
        if ( (periph[periph_id].type == PERIPH_TYPE_MWR) &&
             (periph[periph_id].subtype == coproc_type) )
        {
            found = &periph[periph_id];
            break;
        }
    } 

    if ( found != NULL )
    {
        // get the lock (at most one coproc per cluster)
        _simple_lock_acquire( &_coproc_lock[cluster_id] );
 
        // returns coprocessor info
        *coproc_info = (found->arg0 & 0xFF)     |
                       (found->arg1 & 0xFF)<<8  |
                       (found->arg2 & 0xFF)<<16 |
                       (found->arg3 & 0xFF)<<24 ;
        *cluster_xy = (x<<Y_WIDTH) + y;

#if GIET_DEBUG_COPROC
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG COPROC] _sys_coproc_alloc() in cluster[%d,%d]\n"
        "  coproc_info = %x / cluster_xy = %x\n",
        x , y , *coproc_info , *cluster_xy );
#endif
        return 0;
    }
    else
    {
         _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_coproc_alloc(): no coprocessor "
                 " with type %d available in cluster[%d,%d]\n",
                 coproc_type , x , y );
        return -1;
    }
}  // end _sys_coproc_alloc()

//////////////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_coproc_release( unsigned int cluster_xy )
{
    // TODO checking coprocessor ownership...

    // check cluster coordinates
    unsigned int cx     = cluster_xy >> Y_WIDTH;
    unsigned int cy     = cluster_xy & ((1<<Y_WIDTH)-1);
    unsigned int procid = _get_procid();
    unsigned int x      = procid >> (Y_WIDTH + P_WIDTH);
    unsigned int y      = (procid >> P_WIDTH) & ((1<<Y_WIDTH)-1);
    if ( (x != cx) || (y != cy) )
    {
         _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_coproc_channel_init(): "
                 "wrong cluster coordinates\n");
         return -1;
    }

    // compute coprocessor global index 
    unsigned int coproc_id = x * Y_SIZE + y;

    // release coprocessor
    _simple_lock_release( &_coproc_lock[coproc_id] );

#if GIET_DEBUG_COPROC
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG COPROC] _sys_coproc_release() in cluster[%d,%d]\n",
        x, y );
#endif

    return 0;
}  // end _sys_coproc_release()

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_coproc_channel_init( unsigned int            cluster_xy,
                              unsigned int            channel,
                              giet_coproc_channel_t*  desc )
{
    // TODO checking coprocessor ownership...

    // check cluster coordinates
    unsigned int cx     = cluster_xy >> Y_WIDTH;
    unsigned int cy     = cluster_xy & ((1<<Y_WIDTH)-1);
    unsigned int procid = _get_procid();
    unsigned int x      = procid >> (Y_WIDTH + P_WIDTH);
    unsigned int y      = (procid >> P_WIDTH) & ((1<<Y_WIDTH)-1);
    if ( (x != cx) || (y != cy) )
    {
         _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_coproc_channel_init(): "
                 "wrong cluster coordinates\n");
         return -1;
    }

    // check channel mode
    unsigned mode = desc->channel_mode;
    if ( (mode != MODE_MWMR) && 
         (mode != MODE_DMA_IRQ) && 
         (mode != MODE_DMA_NO_IRQ) )
    {
         _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_coproc_channel_init():"
                 " illegal mode\n");
         return -1;
    }

    // get memory buffer size
    unsigned int size = desc->buffer_size;
 
    // physical addresses
    unsigned long long buffer_paddr;
    unsigned int       buffer_lsb;
    unsigned int       buffer_msb;
    unsigned long long mwmr_paddr;
    unsigned int       mwmr_lsb;
    unsigned int       mwmr_msb;
    unsigned long long lock_paddr;
    unsigned int       lock_lsb;
    unsigned int       lock_msb;

    unsigned int       flags;     // unused

    // compute memory buffer physical address
    buffer_paddr = _v2p_translate( desc->buffer_vaddr , &flags );
    buffer_lsb   = (unsigned int)buffer_paddr;
    buffer_msb   = (unsigned int)(buffer_paddr>>32); 

    // call MWMR_DMA driver
    _mwr_set_channel_register( cluster_xy, channel, CHANNEL_MODE, mode ); 
    _mwr_set_channel_register( cluster_xy, channel, CHANNEL_SIZE, size ); 
    _mwr_set_channel_register( cluster_xy, channel, CHANNEL_BUFFER_LSB, buffer_lsb ); 
    _mwr_set_channel_register( cluster_xy, channel, CHANNEL_BUFFER_MSB, buffer_msb ); 
                       
    if ( mode == MODE_MWMR )
    {
        // compute MWMR descriptor physical address
        mwmr_paddr = _v2p_translate( desc->mwmr_vaddr , &flags );
        mwmr_lsb = (unsigned int)mwmr_paddr;
        mwmr_msb = (unsigned int)(mwmr_paddr>>32); 

        // call MWMR_DMA driver
        _mwr_set_channel_register( cluster_xy, channel, CHANNEL_MWMR_LSB, mwmr_lsb ); 
        _mwr_set_channel_register( cluster_xy, channel, CHANNEL_MWMR_MSB, mwmr_msb ); 

        // compute lock physical address
        lock_paddr = _v2p_translate( desc->lock_vaddr , &flags );
        lock_lsb = (unsigned int)lock_paddr;
        lock_msb = (unsigned int)(lock_paddr>>32); 

        // call MWMR_DMA driver
        _mwr_set_channel_register( cluster_xy, channel, CHANNEL_LOCK_LSB, lock_lsb ); 
        _mwr_set_channel_register( cluster_xy, channel, CHANNEL_LOCK_MSB, lock_msb ); 
    }

#if GIET_DEBUG_COPROC
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG COPROC] _sys_coproc_channel_init() in cluster[%d,%d]\n"
        " channel =  %d / mode = %d / buffer_size = %d\n"
        " buffer_paddr = %l / mwmr_paddr = %l / lock_paddr = %l\n",
        x , y , channel , mode , size ,
        buffer_paddr, mwmr_paddr, lock_paddr );
#endif
        
    return 0;
} // end _sys_coproc_channel_init()

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_coproc_channel_start( unsigned int  cluster_xy,
                               unsigned int  channel )
{
    // TODO checking coprocessor ownership...

    // check cluster coordinates
    unsigned int cx     = cluster_xy >> Y_WIDTH;
    unsigned int cy     = cluster_xy & ((1<<Y_WIDTH)-1);
    unsigned int procid = _get_procid();
    unsigned int x      = procid >> (Y_WIDTH + P_WIDTH);
    unsigned int y      = (procid >> P_WIDTH) & ((1<<Y_WIDTH)-1);
    if ( (x != cx) || (y != cy) )
    {
         _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_coproc_channel_start():"
                 " wrong coordinates\n");
         return -1;
    }
 
    // reset synchronisation variable
    unsigned int coproc_id = (x * Y_SIZE) + y;
    _coproc_done[coproc_id] = 0;

    // call MWMR_DMA driver
    _mwr_set_channel_register( cluster_xy, channel, CHANNEL_RUNNING, 1 ); 

#if GIET_DEBUG_COPROC
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG COPROC] _sys_coproc_channel_start() in cluster[%d,%d]"
        " / channel = %d\n", x , y , channel );
#endif

    return 0;
} // end _sys_coproc_channel_start()

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_coproc_channel_stop( unsigned int  cluster_xy,
                              unsigned int  channel )
{
    // TODO checking coprocessor ownership...

    // check cluster coordinates
    unsigned int cx     = cluster_xy >> Y_WIDTH;
    unsigned int cy     = cluster_xy & ((1<<Y_WIDTH)-1);
    unsigned int procid = _get_procid();
    unsigned int x      = procid >> (Y_WIDTH + P_WIDTH);
    unsigned int y      = (procid >> P_WIDTH) & ((1<<Y_WIDTH)-1);
    if ( (x != cx) || (y != cy) )
    {
         _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_coproc_channel_stop(): wrong coordinates\n");
         return -1;
    }
 
    // call MWMR_DMA driver
    _mwr_set_channel_register( cluster_xy, channel, CHANNEL_RUNNING, 0 );

#if GIET_DEBUG_COPROC
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG COPROC] _sys_coproc_channel_stop() in cluster[%d,%d]"
        " / channel = %d\n", x , y , channel );
#endif

    return 0;
} // end _sys_coproc_channel_stop()

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_coproc_completed( unsigned int  cluster_xy )
{
    // TODO checking coprocessor ownership...

    // check cluster coordinates
    unsigned int cx     = cluster_xy >> Y_WIDTH;
    unsigned int cy     = cluster_xy & ((1<<Y_WIDTH)-1);
    unsigned int procid = _get_procid();
    unsigned int x      = procid >> (Y_WIDTH + P_WIDTH);
    unsigned int y      = (procid >> P_WIDTH) & ((1<<Y_WIDTH)-1);
    if ( (x != cx) || (y != cy) )
    {
         _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_coproc_completed(): "
                 "wrong cluster coordinates\n");
         return -1;
    }
 
    // polling the synchronisation variable
    unsigned int coproc_id = (x * Y_SIZE) + y;
    while ( ioread32( &_coproc_done[coproc_id]) == 0 ) asm volatile("nop");

    _coproc_done[coproc_id] = 0;

#if GIET_DEBUG_COPROC
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG COPROC] _sys_coproc_completed() in cluster[%d,%d]\n", 
        x, y );
#endif

    return 0;
} // end _sys_coproc_completed()


//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//             TTY related syscall handlers 
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

////////////////////
int _sys_tty_alloc()
{
    // get a new TTY terminal index
    unsigned int channel = _atomic_increment( &_tty_channel_allocator, 1 );

    if ( channel >= NB_TTY_CHANNELS )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_tty_alloc() : not enough TTY channels\n");
        return -1;
    }
    else
    {
    }

    // allocate a WTI mailbox to the calling proc if external IRQ
    unsigned int unused;
    if ( USE_PIC ) _ext_irq_alloc( ISR_TTY_RX , channel , &unused ); 
   
    // update calling task index
    _set_context_slot( CTX_TTY_ID, channel );

    return 0;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_tty_write( const char*  buffer,    
                    unsigned int length,    // number of characters
                    unsigned int channel)   // channel index 
{
    unsigned int  nwritten;

    // compute and check tty channel
    if( channel == 0xFFFFFFFF )  channel = _get_context_slot(CTX_TTY_ID);
    if( channel >= NB_TTY_CHANNELS ) return -1;

    // write string to TTY channel
    for (nwritten = 0; nwritten < length; nwritten++) 
    {
        // check tty's status 
        if ( _tty_get_register( channel, TTY_STATUS ) & 0x2 )  break;

        // write one byte
        if (buffer[nwritten] == '\n') 
        {
            _tty_set_register( channel, TTY_WRITE, (unsigned int)'\r' );
        }
        _tty_set_register( channel, TTY_WRITE, (unsigned int)buffer[nwritten] );
    }
    
    return nwritten;
}

////////////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_tty_read( char*        buffer, 
                   unsigned int length,    // unused
                   unsigned int channel)   // channel index
{
    // compute and check tty channel
    if( channel == 0xFFFFFFFF )  channel = _get_context_slot(CTX_TTY_ID);
    if( channel >= NB_TTY_CHANNELS ) return -1;

    // read one character from TTY channel
    if (_tty_rx_full[channel] == 0) 
    {
        return 0;
    }
    else 
    {
        *buffer = _tty_rx_buf[channel];
        _tty_rx_full[channel] = 0;
        return 1;
    }
}

///////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_tty_get_lock( unsigned int   channel,       // unused
                       unsigned int * save_sr_ptr )
{
    // check tty channel
    if( channel != 0 )  return 1;

    _it_disable( save_sr_ptr );
    _sqt_lock_acquire( &_tty0_sqt_lock );
    return 0;
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_tty_release_lock( unsigned int   channel,
                           unsigned int * save_sr_ptr )
{
    // check tty channel
    if( channel != 0 )  return 1;

    _sqt_lock_release( &_tty0_sqt_lock );
    _it_restore( save_sr_ptr );
    return 0;
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//             TIM related syscall handlers 
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

////////////////////
int _sys_tim_alloc()
{
    // get a new timer index 
    unsigned int channel = _atomic_increment( &_tim_channel_allocator, 1 );

    if ( channel >= NB_TIM_CHANNELS )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_tim_alloc() : not enough TIM channels\n");
        return -1;
    }
    else
    {
        _set_context_slot( CTX_TIM_ID, channel );
        return 0;
    }
}

/////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_tim_start( unsigned int period )
{
    // get timer index
    unsigned int channel = _get_context_slot( CTX_TIM_ID );
    if ( channel >= NB_TIM_CHANNELS )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_tim_start() : not enough TIM channels\n");
        return -1;
    }

    // start timer
    _timer_start( channel, period );

    return 0;
}

///////////////////
int _sys_tim_stop()
{
    // get timer index
    unsigned int channel = _get_context_slot( CTX_TIM_ID );
    if ( channel >= NB_TIM_CHANNELS )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_tim_stop() : illegal timer index\n");
        return -1;
    }

    // stop timer
    _timer_stop( channel );

    return 0;
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//             NIC related syscall handlers 
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#define NIC_CONTAINER_SIZE 4096

////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_nic_alloc( unsigned int is_rx,
                    unsigned int xmax,
                    unsigned int ymax )
{
    // check xmax / ymax parameters
    if ( xmax > X_SIZE )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_nic_alloc() xmax argument too large\n");
        return -1;
    }
    if ( ymax > Y_SIZE )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_nic_alloc() ymax argument too large\n");
        return -1;
    }

    // get a NIC_RX or NIC_TX channel index 
    unsigned int nic_channel;
    unsigned int cma_channel;

    if ( is_rx ) nic_channel = _atomic_increment( &_nic_rx_channel_allocator, 1 );
    else         nic_channel = _atomic_increment( &_nic_tx_channel_allocator, 1 );

    if ( (nic_channel >= NB_NIC_CHANNELS) )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_nic_alloc() not enough NIC channels\n");
        return -1;
    }

    // get a CMA channel index
    cma_channel = _atomic_increment( &_cma_channel_allocator, 1 );

    if ( cma_channel >= NB_CMA_CHANNELS )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_nic_alloc() not enough CMA channels\n");
        return -1;
    }

#if GIET_DEBUG_NIC
unsigned int thread  = _get_context_slot( CTX_TRDID_ID );
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG NIC] Task %d enters sys_nic_alloc() at cycle %d\n"
        "  nic_channel = %d / cma_channel = %d\n",
        thread , _get_proctime() , nic_channel , cma_channel );
#endif

    // register nic_index and cma_index in task context
    if ( is_rx )
    {
        _set_context_slot( CTX_NIC_RX_ID, nic_channel );
        _set_context_slot( CTX_CMA_RX_ID, cma_channel );
    }
    else
    {
        _set_context_slot( CTX_NIC_TX_ID, nic_channel );
        _set_context_slot( CTX_CMA_TX_ID, cma_channel );
    }

    // physical addresses to be registered in the CMA registers
    unsigned long long nic_chbuf_pbase;     // NIC chbuf physical address
    unsigned long long ker_chbuf_pbase;     // kernel chbuf physical address

    // allocate one kernel container per cluster in the (xmax / ymax) mesh
    unsigned int        cx;                 // cluster X coordinate
    unsigned int        cy;                 // cluster Y coordinate
    unsigned int        index;              // container index in chbuf
    unsigned int        vaddr;              // virtual address
    unsigned long long  cont_paddr;         // container physical address

    unsigned int        flags;              // for _v2p_translate()

    for ( cx = 0 ; cx < xmax ; cx++ )
    {
        for ( cy = 0 ; cy < ymax ; cy++ )
        {
            // compute index in chbuf
            index = (cx * ymax) + cy; 

            // allocate the kernel container
            vaddr = (unsigned int)_remote_malloc( NIC_CONTAINER_SIZE, cx, cy );

            if ( vaddr == 0 )  // not enough kernel heap memory in cluster[cx,cy]
            {
                _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_nic_alloc() not enough kenel heap"
                        " in cluster[%d,%d]\n", cx, cy );
                return -1;
            }

            // compute container physical address
            cont_paddr = _v2p_translate( vaddr , &flags );

            // initialize chbuf entry
            if ( is_rx ) _nic_rx_chbuf[nic_channel].buffer[index].desc = cont_paddr;
            else         _nic_tx_chbuf[nic_channel].buffer[index].desc = cont_paddr;

#if GIET_DEBUG_NIC
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG NIC] Task %d in _sys_nic_alloc()"
        " allocates container in cluster[%d,%d]\n"
        "  vaddr = %x / paddr = %l\n",
        thread , cx , cy , vaddr , cont_paddr );
#endif
        }
    }

    // complete kernel chbuf initialisation
    if ( is_rx )
    {
        _nic_rx_chbuf[nic_channel].xmax = xmax;
        _nic_rx_chbuf[nic_channel].ymax = ymax;
    }
    else
    {
        _nic_tx_chbuf[nic_channel].xmax = xmax;
        _nic_tx_chbuf[nic_channel].ymax = ymax;
    }

    // compute the NIC chbuf descriptor physical address
    unsigned int offset;
    if ( is_rx ) offset = 0x4000;
    else         offset = 0x4080;
    nic_chbuf_pbase = (((unsigned long long)((X_IO << Y_WIDTH) + Y_IO))<<32) |
                      (SEG_NIC_BASE + (nic_channel<<15) + offset);

#if GIET_DEBUG_NIC
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG NIC] Task %d in _sys_nic_alloc() get NIC chbuf : paddr = %l\n",
        thread , nic_chbuf_pbase );
#endif

    // compute the kernel chbuf descriptor physical address
    if ( is_rx ) vaddr = (unsigned int)( &_nic_rx_chbuf[nic_channel] );
    else         vaddr = (unsigned int)( &_nic_tx_chbuf[nic_channel] );

    ker_chbuf_pbase = _v2p_translate( vaddr , &flags );

#if GIET_DEBUG_NIC
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG NIC] Task %d in _sys_nic_alloc() get kernel chbuf\n"
        "  vaddr = %x / paddr = %l\n",
        thread , vaddr , ker_chbuf_pbase );
#endif

    // sync the kernel chbuf in L2 after write in L2
    _mmc_sync( ker_chbuf_pbase, sizeof( nic_chbuf_t ) );

    // initializes CMA registers defining the source & destination chbufs 
    if ( is_rx )               // NIC to kernel
    {
        _cma_set_register( cma_channel, CHBUF_SRC_DESC , (unsigned int)(nic_chbuf_pbase) );
        _cma_set_register( cma_channel, CHBUF_SRC_EXT  , (unsigned int)(nic_chbuf_pbase>>32) );
        _cma_set_register( cma_channel, CHBUF_SRC_NBUFS, 2 );
        _cma_set_register( cma_channel, CHBUF_DST_DESC , (unsigned int)(ker_chbuf_pbase) );
        _cma_set_register( cma_channel, CHBUF_DST_EXT  , (unsigned int)(ker_chbuf_pbase>>32) );
        _cma_set_register( cma_channel, CHBUF_DST_NBUFS, xmax * ymax );
    }
    else                      // kernel to NIC
    {
        _cma_set_register( cma_channel, CHBUF_SRC_DESC , (unsigned int)(ker_chbuf_pbase) );
        _cma_set_register( cma_channel, CHBUF_SRC_EXT  , (unsigned int)(ker_chbuf_pbase>>32) );
        _cma_set_register( cma_channel, CHBUF_SRC_NBUFS, xmax * ymax );
        _cma_set_register( cma_channel, CHBUF_DST_DESC , (unsigned int)(nic_chbuf_pbase) );
        _cma_set_register( cma_channel, CHBUF_DST_EXT  , (unsigned int)(nic_chbuf_pbase>>32) );
        _cma_set_register( cma_channel, CHBUF_DST_NBUFS, 2 );
    }

#if GIET_DEBUG_NIC
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG NIC] Task %d exit _sys_nic_alloc() at cycle %d\n",
        thread, _get_proctime() );
#endif

    return nic_channel;
} // end _sys_nic_alloc()


////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_nic_start( unsigned int is_rx,
                    unsigned int channel )
{
    unsigned int nic_channel;
    unsigned int cma_channel;

    // get NIC channel index and CMA channel index from task context
    if ( is_rx )
    {
        nic_channel = _get_context_slot( CTX_NIC_RX_ID );
        cma_channel = _get_context_slot( CTX_CMA_RX_ID );
    }
    else
    {
        nic_channel = _get_context_slot( CTX_NIC_TX_ID );
        cma_channel = _get_context_slot( CTX_CMA_TX_ID );
    }

#if GIET_DEBUG_NIC
unsigned int thread  = _get_context_slot( CTX_TRDID_ID );
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG NIC] Task %d in _sys_nic_start() at cycle %d\n"
        "  get NIC channel = %d / CMA channel = %d\n",
        thread, _get_proctime(), nic_channel, cma_channel );
#endif

    // check NIC and CMA channels index
    if ( nic_channel != channel )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_nic_start(): illegal NIC channel\n");
        return -1;
    }
    if ( cma_channel >= NB_CMA_CHANNELS )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_nic_start(): illegal CMA channel\n");
        return -1;
    }

    // start CMA transfer
    _cma_set_register( cma_channel, CHBUF_BUF_SIZE , NIC_CONTAINER_SIZE );
    _cma_set_register( cma_channel, CHBUF_PERIOD   , 0 );     // OUT_OF_ORDER 
    _cma_set_register( cma_channel, CHBUF_RUN      , 1 );

    // activates NIC channel
    _nic_channel_start( nic_channel, is_rx, GIET_NIC_MAC4, GIET_NIC_MAC2 ); 

#if GIET_DEBUG_NIC
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG NIC] Task %d exit _sys_nic_start() at cycle %d\n",
        thread , _get_proctime() );
#endif

    return 0;
}  // end _sys_nic_start()


//////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_nic_move( unsigned int is_rx,
                   unsigned int channel,
                   void*        buffer )
{

#if GIET_DEBUG_NIC
unsigned int thread  = _get_context_slot( CTX_TRDID_ID );
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG NIC] Task %d enters _sys_nic_move() at cycle %d\n",
        thread , _get_proctime() );
#endif

    // check NIC channel index
    if ( channel >= NB_NIC_CHANNELS )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_nic_move() : illegal NIC channel index\n");
        return -1;
    }

    // get kernel chbuf virtual address
    nic_chbuf_t* chbuf;
    if ( is_rx )  chbuf = &_nic_rx_chbuf[channel];
    else          chbuf = &_nic_tx_chbuf[channel];

    // get xmax / ymax parameters
    unsigned int xmax = chbuf->xmax;
    unsigned int ymax = chbuf->ymax;

    // get cluster coordinates for the processor running the calling task
    unsigned int  procid = _get_procid();
    unsigned int  cx     = procid >> (Y_WIDTH + P_WIDTH);
    unsigned int  cy     = (procid >> P_WIDTH) & ((1<<Y_WIDTH)-1);
    
    // check processor coordinates / (xmax,ymax)
    if ( cx >= xmax )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_nic_move() : processor X coordinate = %d"
                " / xmax = %d\n", cx , xmax );
        return -1;
    }
    if ( cy >= ymax )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_nic_move() : processor Y coordinate = %d"
                " / ymax = %d\n", cy , ymax );
        return -1;
    }
    
    unsigned long long user_buffer_paddr;    // user buffer physical address 
    unsigned long long kernel_buffer_paddr;  // kernel buffer physical address
    unsigned long long kernel_chbuf_paddr;   // kernel chbuf physical address
    unsigned long long buffer_descriptor;    // kernel buffer descriptor
    unsigned long long buffer_desc_paddr;    // kernel buffer descriptor paddr
    unsigned int       index;                // kernel buffer index in chbuf
    unsigned int       flags;                // for _v2P_translate

    // Compute user buffer physical address and check access rights
    user_buffer_paddr = _v2p_translate( (unsigned int)buffer , &flags );

    if ( (flags & PTE_U) == 0 )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET ERROR] in _sys_nic_tx_move() : illegal buffer address\n");
        return -1;
    }

#if GIET_DEBUG_NIC
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG NIC] Task %d in _sys_nic_move() get user buffer : paddr = %l\n",
        thread, user_buffer_paddr );
#endif

    // compute kernel chbuf physical address (required for sync)
    kernel_chbuf_paddr = _v2p_translate( (unsigned int)chbuf , &flags );

    // poll local kernel container status until success
    while ( 1 )
    {
        // compute buffer index and buffer descriptor paddr
        index = (ymax * cx) + cy;
        buffer_desc_paddr = kernel_chbuf_paddr + (index<<6);

        // inval buffer descriptor in L2 before read in L2
        _mmc_inval( buffer_desc_paddr , 8 );
        buffer_descriptor = chbuf->buffer[index].desc;

#if GIET_DEBUG_NIC
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG NIC] Task %d in _sys_nic_move() read buf_desc %d at cycle %d\n"
        "  paddr = %l / buffer descriptor = %l\n",
        thread, index, _get_proctime(), buffer_desc_paddr, buffer_descriptor );
#endif

        // test buffer status and break if found
        if ( ( is_rx != 0 ) && (buffer_descriptor >> 63) == 1 )  break;
        if ( ( is_rx == 0 ) && (buffer_descriptor >> 63) == 0 )  break;
    }

    // compute kernel buffer physical address
    kernel_buffer_paddr = buffer_descriptor & 0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
    
    // move one container
    if ( is_rx )              // RX transfer
    {
        // inval kernel buffer in L2 before read in L2
        _mmc_inval( kernel_buffer_paddr, NIC_CONTAINER_SIZE );

        // transfer data from kernel buffer to user buffer
        _physical_memcpy( user_buffer_paddr, 
                          kernel_buffer_paddr, 
                          NIC_CONTAINER_SIZE );
#if GIET_DEBUG_NIC
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG NIC] Task %d in _sys_nic_move() transfer kernel buffer %l\n"
        " to user buffer %l at cycle %d\n",
        thread , kernel_buffer_paddr , user_buffer_paddr , _get_proctime() );
#endif

    }
    else                      // TX transfer
    {
        // transfer data from user buffer to kernel buffer
        _physical_memcpy( kernel_buffer_paddr, 
                          user_buffer_paddr, 
                          NIC_CONTAINER_SIZE );

        // sync kernel buffer in L2 after write in L2
        _mmc_sync( kernel_buffer_paddr, NIC_CONTAINER_SIZE );

#if GIET_DEBUG_NIC
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG NIC] Task %d in _sys_nic_move() transfer "
        "user buffer %l to kernel buffer %l at cycle %d\n",
        thread , user_buffer_paddr , kernel_buffer_paddr , _get_proctime() );
#endif

    }

    // update kernel chbuf status 
    if ( is_rx ) chbuf->buffer[index].desc = kernel_buffer_paddr & 0x0000FFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
    else         chbuf->buffer[index].desc = kernel_buffer_paddr | 0x8000000000000000ULL;

    // sync kernel chbuf in L2 after write in L2
    _mmc_sync( kernel_chbuf_paddr + (index<<6) , 8 );

#if GIET_DEBUG_NIC
_printf("\n[GIET DEBUG NIC] Task %d get buffer %d  and exit _sys_nic_move() at cycle %d\n",
        thread , index , _get_proctime() );
#endif

    return 0;
} // end _sys_nic_move()


////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_nic_stop( unsigned int is_rx,
                   unsigned int channel )
{
    unsigned int nic_channel;
    unsigned int cma_channel;

    // get NIC channel index and CMA channel index
    if ( is_rx )
    {
        nic_channel = _get_context_slot( CTX_NIC_RX_ID );
        cma_channel = _get_context_slot( CTX_CMA_RX_ID );
    }
    else
    {
        nic_channel = _get_context_slot( CTX_NIC_TX_ID );
        cma_channel = _get_context_slot( CTX_CMA_TX_ID );
    }

    // check NIC and CMA channels index
    if ( nic_channel != channel )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_nic_stop(): illegal NIC channel\n");
        return -1;
    }
    if ( cma_channel >= NB_CMA_CHANNELS )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_nic_stop(): illegal CMA channel\n");
        return -1;
    }

    // desactivates the NIC channel
    _nic_channel_stop( nic_channel, is_rx );

    // desactivates the CMA channel
    _cma_set_register( cma_channel, CHBUF_RUN , 0 );

    return 0;
}  // end _sys_nic_stop()

////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_nic_clear( unsigned int is_rx,
                    unsigned int channel )
{
    unsigned int nic_channel;

    // get NIC channel 
    if ( is_rx )  nic_channel = _get_context_slot( CTX_NIC_RX_ID );
    else          nic_channel = _get_context_slot( CTX_NIC_TX_ID );

    if ( nic_channel != channel )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_nic_clear(): illegal NIC channel\n");
        return -1;
    }

    if ( is_rx )
    {
        _nic_set_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_RX_G2S_RECEIVED       , 0 );
        _nic_set_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_RX_DES_TOO_SMALL      , 0 );
        _nic_set_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_RX_DES_TOO_BIG        , 0 );
        _nic_set_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_RX_DES_MFIFO_FULL     , 0 );
        _nic_set_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_RX_DES_CRC_FAIL       , 0 );
        _nic_set_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_RX_DISPATCH_RECEIVED  , 0 );
        _nic_set_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_RX_DISPATCH_BROADCAST , 0 );
        _nic_set_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_RX_DISPATCH_DST_FAIL  , 0 );
        _nic_set_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_RX_DISPATCH_CH_FULL   , 0 );
    } 
    else
    {
        _nic_set_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_TX_DISPATCH_RECEIVED  , 0 );
        _nic_set_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_TX_DISPATCH_TRANSMIT  , 0 );
        _nic_set_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_TX_DISPATCH_TOO_BIG   , 0 );
        _nic_set_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_TX_DISPATCH_TOO_SMALL , 0 );
        _nic_set_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_TX_DISPATCH_SRC_FAIL  , 0 );
        _nic_set_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_TX_DISPATCH_BYPASS    , 0 );
        _nic_set_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_TX_DISPATCH_BROADCAST , 0 );
    }
    return 0;
}  // en _sys_nic_clear()

////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_nic_stats( unsigned int is_rx,
                    unsigned int channel )
{
    unsigned int nic_channel;

    // get NIC channel 
    if ( is_rx )  nic_channel = _get_context_slot( CTX_NIC_RX_ID );
    else          nic_channel = _get_context_slot( CTX_NIC_TX_ID );

    if ( nic_channel != channel )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET_ERROR] in _sys_nic_stats(): illegal NIC channel\n");
        return -1;
    }

    if ( is_rx )
    {
        unsigned int received   = _nic_get_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_RX_G2S_RECEIVED       );
        unsigned int too_small  = _nic_get_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_RX_DES_TOO_SMALL      );
        unsigned int too_big    = _nic_get_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_RX_DES_TOO_BIG        );
        unsigned int fifo_full  = _nic_get_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_RX_DES_MFIFO_FULL     );
        unsigned int crc_fail   = _nic_get_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_RX_DES_CRC_FAIL       );
        unsigned int broadcast  = _nic_get_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_RX_DISPATCH_BROADCAST );
        unsigned int dst_fail   = _nic_get_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_RX_DISPATCH_DST_FAIL  );
        unsigned int ch_full    = _nic_get_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_RX_DISPATCH_CH_FULL   );

        _printf("\n### Network Controller RX Statistics ###\n"
                "- packets received : %d\n"
                "- too small        : %d\n"
                "- too big          : %d\n"
                "- fifo full        : %d\n" 
                "- crc fail         : %d\n" 
                "- dst mac fail     : %d\n" 
                "- channel full     : %d\n" 
                "- broadcast        : %d\n",
                received,
                too_small,
                too_big,
                fifo_full,
                crc_fail,
                dst_fail,
                ch_full,
                broadcast );
    } 
    else
    {
        unsigned int received   = _nic_get_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_TX_DISPATCH_RECEIVED  );
        unsigned int too_big    = _nic_get_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_TX_DISPATCH_TOO_BIG   );
        unsigned int too_small  = _nic_get_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_TX_DISPATCH_TOO_SMALL );
        unsigned int src_fail   = _nic_get_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_TX_DISPATCH_SRC_FAIL  );
        unsigned int bypass     = _nic_get_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_TX_DISPATCH_BYPASS    );
        unsigned int broadcast  = _nic_get_global_register( NIC_G_NPKT_TX_DISPATCH_BROADCAST );

        _printf("\n### Network Controller TX Statistics ###\n"
                "- packets received : %d\n"
                "- too small        : %d\n"
                "- too big          : %d\n"
                "- src mac fail     : %d\n" 
                "- bypass           : %d\n" 
                "- broadcast        : %d\n",
                received,
                too_big,
                too_small,
                src_fail,
                bypass,
                broadcast );
    }
    return 0;
}  // end _sys_nic_stats()

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//    FBF related syscall handlers
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/////////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_fbf_sync_write( unsigned int offset,
                         void*        buffer,
                         unsigned int length )
{
    char* fbf_address = (char *)SEG_FBF_BASE + offset;
    memcpy( fbf_address, buffer, length);

    return 0;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_fbf_sync_read(  unsigned int offset,
                         void*        buffer,
                         unsigned int length )
{
    char* fbf_address = (char *)SEG_FBF_BASE + offset;
    memcpy( buffer, fbf_address, length);

    return 0;
}

////////////////////////
int _sys_fbf_cma_alloc()
{
   // get a new CMA channel index 
    unsigned int channel = _atomic_increment( &_cma_channel_allocator, 1 );

    if ( channel >= NB_CMA_CHANNELS )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET ERROR] in _sys_fbf_cma_alloc() : not enough CMA channels\n");
        return -1;
    }
    else
    {
        _set_context_slot( CTX_CMA_FB_ID, channel );
        return 0;
    }
} // end sys_fbf_cma_alloc()

////////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_fbf_cma_start( void*        vbase0, 
                        void*        vbase1,  
                        unsigned int length ) 
{
#if NB_CMA_CHANNELS > 0

    unsigned int       vaddr;           // virtual address
    unsigned int       flags;           // for _v2p_translate()

    // get channel index
    unsigned int channel = _get_context_slot( CTX_CMA_FB_ID );

    if ( channel >= NB_CMA_CHANNELS )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET ERROR] in _fbf_cma_start() : CMA channel index too large\n");
        return -1;
    }

#if GIET_DEBUG_FBF_CMA
_printf("\n[FBF_CMA DEBUG] enters _sys_fbf_cma_start()\n"
        " - channel      = %d\n"
        " - buf0   vbase = %x\n"
        " - buf1   vbase = %x\n"
        " - buffer size  = %x\n",
        channel,
        (unsigned int)vbase0,
        (unsigned int)vbase1,
        length );
#endif

    // checking user buffers virtual addresses and length alignment
    if ( ((unsigned int)vbase0 & 0x3) || 
         ((unsigned int)vbase1 & 0x3) || 
         (length & 0x3) ) 
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET ERROR] in _fbf_cma_start() : user buffer not aligned\n");
        return -1;
    }

    // compute frame buffer physical address and initialize _fbf_chbuf[channel]
    vaddr = (unsigned int)SEG_FBF_BASE;
    _fbf_chbuf[channel].fbf.desc = _v2p_translate( vaddr , &flags );

    // Compute user buffer 0 physical addresses and intialize _fbf_chbuf[channel]
    vaddr = (unsigned int)vbase0;
    _fbf_chbuf[channel].buf0.desc = _v2p_translate( vaddr , &flags );

    if ((flags & PTE_U) == 0) 
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET ERROR] in _fbf_cma_start() : buf0 not in user space\n");
        return -1;
    }

    // Compute user buffer 1 physical addresses and intialize _fbf_chbuf[channel]
    vaddr = (unsigned int)vbase1;
    _fbf_chbuf[channel].buf1.desc = _v2p_translate( vaddr , &flags );

    if ((flags & PTE_U) == 0) 
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET ERROR] in _fbf_cma_start() : buf1 not in user space\n");
        return -1;
    }

    // initializes buffer length
    _fbf_chbuf[channel].length = length;

    // Compute and register physical adress of the fbf_chbuf descriptor
    vaddr = (unsigned int)&_fbf_chbuf[channel];
    _fbf_chbuf_paddr[channel] = _v2p_translate( vaddr , &flags );
 
    if ( USE_IOB )
    {
        // SYNC request for fbf_chbuf descriptor
        _mmc_sync( _fbf_chbuf_paddr[channel] , sizeof( fbf_chbuf_t ) );
    }

#if GIET_DEBUG_FBF_CMA
_printf(" - fbf    pbase = %l\n"
        " - buf0   pbase = %l\n"
        " - buf1   pbase = %l\n"
        " - chbuf  pbase = %l\n",
        _fbf_chbuf[channel].fbf.desc,
        _fbf_chbuf[channel].buf0.desc,
        _fbf_chbuf[channel].buf1.desc,
        _fbf_chbuf_paddr[channel] );
#endif

    // start CMA transfer
    unsigned long long paddr = _fbf_chbuf_paddr[channel];
    unsigned int src_chbuf_paddr_lsb = (unsigned int)(paddr & 0xFFFFFFFF);
    unsigned int src_chbuf_paddr_ext = (unsigned int)(paddr >> 32);
    unsigned int dst_chbuf_paddr_lsb = src_chbuf_paddr_lsb + 128;
    unsigned int dst_chbuf_paddr_ext = src_chbuf_paddr_ext;

    _cma_set_register( channel, CHBUF_SRC_DESC , src_chbuf_paddr_lsb );
    _cma_set_register( channel, CHBUF_SRC_EXT  , src_chbuf_paddr_ext );
    _cma_set_register( channel, CHBUF_SRC_NBUFS, 2 );
    _cma_set_register( channel, CHBUF_DST_DESC , dst_chbuf_paddr_lsb );
    _cma_set_register( channel, CHBUF_DST_EXT  , dst_chbuf_paddr_ext );
    _cma_set_register( channel, CHBUF_DST_NBUFS, 1 );
    _cma_set_register( channel, CHBUF_BUF_SIZE , length );
    _cma_set_register( channel, CHBUF_PERIOD   , 300 );
    _cma_set_register( channel, CHBUF_RUN      , 1 );

    return 0;

#else

    _printf("\n[GIET ERROR] in _sys_fbf_cma_start() : NB_CMA_CHANNELS = 0\n");
    return -1;

#endif
} // end _sys_fbf_cma_start()

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_fbf_cma_display( unsigned int buffer_index )
{
#if NB_CMA_CHANNELS > 0

    volatile unsigned int full = 1;

    // get channel index
    unsigned int channel = _get_context_slot( CTX_CMA_FB_ID );

    if ( channel >= NB_CMA_CHANNELS )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET ERROR] in _sys_fbf_cma_display() : "
                "CMA channel index too large\n");
        return -1;
    }

    // get fbf_chbuf descriptor pointer
    fbf_chbuf_t* pdesc = &_fbf_chbuf[channel];     

#if GIET_DEBUG_FBF_CMA
_printf("\n[FBF_CMA DEBUG] enters _sys_fb_cma_display()\n"
        " - cma channel     = %d\n"
        " - buffer index    = %d\n"
        " - buf0_desc value = %l\n"
        " - buf1_desc value = %l\n"
        " - fbf_desc  value = %l\n",
        channel , buffer_index,
        _fbf_chbuf[channel].buf0.desc,
        _fbf_chbuf[channel].buf1.desc,
        _fbf_chbuf[channel].fbf.desc );
#endif

    if ( buffer_index == 0 )    // user buffer 0
    {
        // INVAL L1 and L2 cache copies of user buffer descriptor,
        // because it has been modified in RAM by the CMA component 
        _dcache_buf_invalidate( (unsigned int)pdesc , sizeof(buffer_descriptor_t) );
        _mmc_inval( _fbf_chbuf_paddr[channel] , sizeof(buffer_descriptor_t) );

        // waiting user buffer released by the CMA component)
        while ( full )
        {  
            full = (unsigned int)(pdesc->buf0.desc >> 63);
        }

        // SYNC request for the user buffer, because 
        // it will be read from XRAM by the CMA component
        _mmc_sync( pdesc->buf0.desc , pdesc->length );

        // set user buffer status
        pdesc->buf0.desc = pdesc->buf0.desc | 0x8000000000000000ULL;

        // reset fbf buffer status
        pdesc->fbf.desc  = pdesc->fbf.desc  & 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL;

        // SYNC request, because these buffer descriptors
        // will be read from XRAM by the CMA component
        _mmc_sync( _fbf_chbuf_paddr[channel] , sizeof(fbf_chbuf_t) );
    }
    else                        // user buffer 1
    {
        // INVAL L1 and L2 cache copies of user buffer descriptor, 
        // because it has been modified in RAM by the CMA component 
        _dcache_buf_invalidate( (unsigned int)pdesc + 64, sizeof(buffer_descriptor_t) );
        _mmc_inval( _fbf_chbuf_paddr[channel] + 64, sizeof(buffer_descriptor_t) );

        // waiting user buffer released by the CMA component)
        while ( full )
        {  
            full = (unsigned int)(pdesc->buf1.desc >> 63);
        }

        // SYNC request for the user buffer, because 
        // it will be read from XRAM by the CMA component
        _mmc_sync( pdesc->buf1.desc , pdesc->length );

        // set user buffer status
        pdesc->buf1.desc = pdesc->buf1.desc | 0x8000000000000000ULL;

        // reset fbf buffer status
        pdesc->fbf.desc  = pdesc->fbf.desc  & 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL;

        // SYNC request, because these buffer descriptors
        // will be read from XRAM by the CMA component
        _mmc_sync( _fbf_chbuf_paddr[channel] , sizeof(fbf_chbuf_t) );
    }

#if GIET_DEBUG_FBF_CMA
_printf("\n[FBF_CMA DEBUG] exit _sys_fb_cma_display()\n"
        " - buf0_desc value = %l\n"
        " - buf1_desc value = %l\n"
        " - fbf_desc  value = %l\n",
        _fbf_chbuf[channel].buf0.desc,
        _fbf_chbuf[channel].buf1.desc,
        _fbf_chbuf[channel].fbf.desc );
#endif

    return 0;

#else

    _printf("\n[GIET ERROR] in _sys_fbf_cma_display() : no CMA channel allocated\n");
    return -1;

#endif
} // end _sys_fbf_cma_display()


///////////////////////
int _sys_fbf_cma_stop()
{
#if NB_CMA_CHANNELS > 0

    // get channel index
    unsigned int channel = _get_context_slot( CTX_CMA_FB_ID );

    if ( channel >= NB_CMA_CHANNELS )
    {
        _printf("\n[GIET ERROR] in _sys_fbf_cma_stop() : CMA channel index too large\n");
        return -1;
    }

    // Desactivate CMA channel
    _cma_set_register( channel, CHBUF_RUN, 0 );

    return 0;

#else

    _printf("\n[GIET ERROR] in _sys_fbf_cma_stop() : no CMA channel allocated\n");
    return -1;

#endif
} // end _sys_fbf_cma_stop()


//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//           Miscelaneous syscall handlers 
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

///////////////
int _sys_ukn() 
{
    _printf("\n[GIET ERROR] Undefined System Call / EPC = %x\n", _get_epc() );
    return -1;
}

////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_proc_xyp( unsigned int* x,
                   unsigned int* y,
                   unsigned int* p )
{
    unsigned int gpid = _get_procid();  // global processor index from CPO register

    *x = (gpid >> (Y_WIDTH + P_WIDTH)) & ((1<<X_WIDTH)-1);
    *y = (gpid >> P_WIDTH) & ((1<<Y_WIDTH)-1);
    *p = gpid & ((1<<P_WIDTH)-1);

    return 0;
}

//////////////////////////////////
int _sys_task_exit( char* string ) 
{
    unsigned int date       = _get_proctime();

    unsigned int gpid       = _get_procid();
    unsigned int cluster_xy = gpid >> P_WIDTH;
    unsigned int y          = cluster_xy & ((1<<Y_WIDTH)-1);
    unsigned int x          = cluster_xy >> Y_WIDTH;
    unsigned int lpid       = gpid & ((1<<P_WIDTH)-1);

    unsigned int task_id    = _get_context_slot(CTX_LTID_ID);

    // print exit message
    _printf("\n[GIET] Exit task %d on processor[%d,%d,%d] at cycle %d"
            "\n       Cause : %s\n\n",
            task_id, x, y, lpid, date, string );

    // goes to sleeping state
    _set_context_slot(CTX_RUN_ID, 0);

    // deschedule
    _sys_context_switch();

    return 0;
} 

/////////////////////////
int _sys_context_switch() 
{
    unsigned int save_sr;

    _it_disable( &save_sr );
    _ctx_switch();
    _it_restore( &save_sr );

    return 0;
}

////////////////////////
int _sys_local_task_id()
{
    return _get_context_slot(CTX_LTID_ID);
}

/////////////////////////
int _sys_global_task_id()
{
    return _get_context_slot(CTX_GTID_ID);
}

////////////////////
int _sys_thread_id()
{
    return _get_context_slot(CTX_TRDID_ID);
}

////////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_procs_number( unsigned int* x_size,
                       unsigned int* y_size,
                       unsigned int* nprocs )
{
    mapping_header_t * header   = (mapping_header_t *)SEG_BOOT_MAPPING_BASE;
    mapping_cluster_t * cluster = _get_cluster_base(header);

    unsigned int x;
    unsigned int y;
    unsigned int okmin = 1;
    unsigned int okmax = 1;

    // compute max values
    unsigned int xmax  = header->x_size;
    unsigned int ymax  = header->y_size;
    unsigned int procs = cluster[0].procs;

    // check the (ymax-1) lower rows
    for ( y = 0 ; y < ymax-1 ; y++ )
    {
        for ( x = 0 ; x < xmax ; x++ )
        {
            if (cluster[x*ymax+y].procs != procs ) okmin = 0;
        }
    }

    // check the upper row
    for ( x = 0 ; x < xmax ; x++ )
    {
        if (cluster[x*ymax+ymax-1].procs != procs ) okmax = 0;
    }

    // return values
    if ( okmin && okmax )
    {
        *x_size = xmax;
        *y_size = ymax;
        *nprocs = procs;
    }
    else if ( okmin )
    {
        *x_size = xmax;
        *y_size = ymax-1;
        *nprocs = procs;
    }
    else
    {
        *x_size = 0;
        *y_size = 0;
        *nprocs = 0;
    }
    return 0;
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_vseg_get_vbase( char*             vspace_name, 
                         char*             vseg_name, 
                         unsigned int*     vbase ) 
{
    mapping_header_t * header = (mapping_header_t *)SEG_BOOT_MAPPING_BASE;
    mapping_vspace_t * vspace = _get_vspace_base(header);
    mapping_vseg_t * vseg     = _get_vseg_base(header);

    unsigned int vspace_id;
    unsigned int vseg_id;

    // scan vspaces 
    for (vspace_id = 0; vspace_id < header->vspaces; vspace_id++) 
    {
        if (_strncmp( vspace[vspace_id].name, vspace_name, 31) == 0) 
        {
            // scan vsegs
            for (vseg_id = vspace[vspace_id].vseg_offset; 
                 vseg_id < (vspace[vspace_id].vseg_offset + vspace[vspace_id].vsegs); 
                 vseg_id++) 
            {
                if (_strncmp(vseg[vseg_id].name, vseg_name, 31) == 0) 
                {
                    *vbase = vseg[vseg_id].vbase;
                    return 0;
                }
            } 
        }
    } 
    return -1;    // not found 
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_vseg_get_length( char*         vspace_name, 
                          char*         vseg_name,
                          unsigned int* length ) 
{
    mapping_header_t * header = (mapping_header_t *)SEG_BOOT_MAPPING_BASE;
    mapping_vspace_t * vspace = _get_vspace_base(header);
    mapping_vseg_t * vseg     = _get_vseg_base(header);

    unsigned int vspace_id;
    unsigned int vseg_id;

    // scan vspaces 
    for (vspace_id = 0; vspace_id < header->vspaces; vspace_id++) 
    {
        if (_strncmp( vspace[vspace_id].name, vspace_name, 31) == 0) 
        {
            // scan vsegs
            for (vseg_id = vspace[vspace_id].vseg_offset; 
                 vseg_id < (vspace[vspace_id].vseg_offset + vspace[vspace_id].vsegs); 
                 vseg_id++) 
            {
                if (_strncmp(vseg[vseg_id].name, vseg_name, 31) == 0) 
                {
                    *length = vseg[vseg_id].length;
                    return 0;
                }
            } 
        }
    } 
    return -1;    // not found 
}

////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_xy_from_ptr( void*         ptr,
                      unsigned int* x,
                      unsigned int* y )
{
    unsigned int flags;
    unsigned long long paddr = _v2p_translate( (unsigned int)ptr , &flags );
    
    *x = (paddr>>36) & 0xF;
    *y = (paddr>>32) & 0xF;

    return 0;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////
int _sys_heap_info( unsigned int* vaddr, 
                    unsigned int* length,
                    unsigned int  x,
                    unsigned int  y ) 
{
    mapping_header_t * header  = (mapping_header_t *)SEG_BOOT_MAPPING_BASE;
    mapping_task_t *   task    = _get_task_base(header);
    mapping_vseg_t *   vseg    = _get_vseg_base(header);
    mapping_vspace_t * vspace  = _get_vspace_base(header);

    unsigned int task_id;
    unsigned int vspace_id;
    unsigned int vseg_id = 0xFFFFFFFF;

    // searching the heap vseg
    if ( (x < X_SIZE) && (y < Y_SIZE) )  // searching a task in cluster(x,y)
    {
        // get vspace global index
        vspace_id = _get_context_slot(CTX_VSID_ID);

        // scan all tasks in vspace
        unsigned int min = vspace[vspace_id].task_offset ;
        unsigned int max = min + vspace[vspace_id].tasks ;
        for ( task_id = min ; task_id < max ; task_id++ )
        {
            if ( task[task_id].clusterid == (x * Y_SIZE + y) )
            {
                vseg_id = task[task_id].heap_vseg_id;
                if ( vseg_id != 0xFFFFFFFF ) break;
            }
        }
    }
    else                                // searching in the calling task 
    {
        task_id = _get_context_slot(CTX_GTID_ID);
        vseg_id = task[task_id].heap_vseg_id;
    }

    // analysing the vseg_id
    if ( vseg_id != 0xFFFFFFFF ) 
    {
        *vaddr  = vseg[vseg_id].vbase;
        *length = vseg[vseg_id].length;
        return 0;
    }
    else 
    {
        *vaddr  = 0;
        *length = 0;
        return -1;
    }
}  // end _sys_heap_info()


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