= The stdio Library =

The [source:soft/giet_vm/giet_libs/stdio.c stdio.c] and [source:soft/giet_vm/giet_libs/stdio.h stdio.h] files define all system calls provided to user applications by the GIET-VM. They are generally prefixed by ''giet_''.

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All these functions use a ''syscall'' instruction to enter the system. 
In  case of system call failure (illegal arguments), the syscall return value is -1 (0xFFFFFFFF), and the calling task
is killed with a ''giet_exit()''. 

Therefore, for all these system calls, the return value has not to be tested by the calling task.

 == __1) Processor related system calls__ ==

 === void '''giet_proc_xyp'''( unsigned int* cluster_x, unsigned int* cluster_y unsigned int* lpid )===
This function returns the processor identifiers (X,Y,P) from the wired global processor index in CP0_PROCID.
 * cluster_x : X cluster coordinate
 * cluster_y : Y cluster coordinate
 * lpid : local processor index
No error possible, as the fixed format is  gpid = ( ( cluster_x << Y_WIDTH + cluster_y ) << P_WIDTH ) + lpid 

 === unsigned int '''giet_proctime'''() ===
This function returns the local processor time from the CP0_TIME register (number of cycles from reset).
No error possible, as the processor implements a 32 bits wrapping register.
 
 === unsigned int '''giet_rand'''() ===
This function returns a pseudo-random value derived from both the CP0_PROCID and CP0_TIME registers.
No error possible, as the return value is always between 0 & 65535.

 == __2) Task related system calls__ ==

 === unsigned int '''giet_proc_task_id'''() ===
This functions returns (from the calling task context) the local task index, identifying the task amongst all task
running on the same processor. 

No error possible.

 === unsigned int '''giet_global_task_id'''() ===
This functions returns (from the calling task context) the global task id, unique in the system.

No error possible.

 === unsigned int '''giet_thread_id'''() === 
This functions returns (from the calling task context) the thread index, identiying the task in a given vspace.

No error possible.

 == __3) TTY related system calls__ ==

The GIET_VM allows an user task to use a private TTY terminal, or to display log message on a shared TTY terminal.

 === unsigned int '''giet_tty_open'''() ===
This function allocates a private terminal to the calling task, and returns the terminal index. This index is registered in the task context. Exit if no TTY terminal.

  === void '''giet_tty_printf'''( char* format, ... ) ===
This function print formated text on a private terminal that must have been allocated to the calling task in the mapping (''use_tty'' argument). Therefore,  it does not take the TTY lock. 
Only a limited number of formats are supported:
   * %d : signed decimal
   * %u : unsigned decimal
   * %x : 32 bits hexadecimal
   * %l : 64 bits hexadecimal
   * %c : char
   * %s : string

Exit if  private terminal index not defined, or in case of illegal format. 

 === void '''giet_tty_getc'''( char* byte ) ===
This blocking function fetches a single character from the private terminal that must have been allocated to the calling task in the application mapping. It uses the TTY_RX_IRQ interrupt, and the associated kernel buffer.

Exit if private TTY index not defined.

 === void '''giet_tty_getw'''( unsigned int* val ) ===
This blocking function fetches a string of decimal characters (most significant digit first) to build a 32-bits unsigned integer from the private TTY terminal  that must have been allocated to the calling task in the application mapping. It uses the TTY_RX_IRQ interrupt, and the associated kernel buffer.
The non-blocking system function _tty_read is called several times, and the decimal characters are written in a 32 characters buffer until a <LF> character is read. It ignores non-decimal characters, and displays an echo 
system function) for each decimal character. The <DEL> character is interpreted, and previous characters can be cancelled.  When the <LF> character is received, the string is converted to an unsigned int value. If the number of decimal digit is too large for the 32 bits range, the zero value is returned.

Exit if private TTY index not defined.

 === void '''giet_tty_gets'''( char* buf, unsigned int bufsize ) ===
This blocking function fetches a string from the private terminal that must have been allocated to the calling task in the application mapping. It writes the string to a fixed length buffer.
It uses the TTY_RX_IRQ interrupt, and the associated kernel buffer.
Up to (bufsize - 1) characters (including the non printable characters) are copied into buffer, and the string is completed by a NUL character. The <LF> character is interpreted, and the function close the string with a NUL character if <LF> is read. The <DEL> character is interpreted, and the corresponding character(s) are removed from the target buffer. It does not provide an echo.

Exit if private TTY index not defined.

 === void '''giet_shr_printf'''( char* format, ... ) ===
This function print formated text on the shared terminal arbitrarily allocated by the kernel. It takes the TTY lock
for exclusive access. It supports the same formats as the giet_tty_printf() function.

Exit in case of illegal format.

 == __4) File system related system calls__ ==

The Giet-VM supports a FAT32 file system.

 === int '''giet_fat_open'''( const char* pathname, unsigned int flags ) ===
Open a file identified by the ''pathname'' argument. The read/write ''flags''  are not supported yet: no effect.
Return -1 in case or error.

 === void '''giet_fat_read'''( unsigned int fd, void* buffer, unsigned int count, unsigned int offset ) ===
Read ''count'' sectors from a file identified by the ''fd'' argument, skipping ''offset'' sectors in file, and writing into the user memory ''buffer''. The user buffer base address should be 64 bytes aligned.
In case or error, it makes a giet_exit().

 === void '''giet_fat_write'''( unsigned int fd, void* buffer, unsigned int count, unsigned int offset ) ===
Write ''count'' sectors into a file identified by the ''fd'' argument, skipping ''offset'' sectors in file, and reading from the user memory ''buffer''. The user buffer base address should be 64 bytes aligned.
In case or error, it makes a giet_exit().

 === void '''giet_fat_close'''( unsigned int fd ) ===
Close a file identified by the ''fd'' file descriptor.


 == __5) Network related system calls__ ==

The GIET_VM allows a user task to directly access a private NIC channel.

 === unsigned int '''giet_nic_open'''( ) ===
 This function allocates a private NIC channel to the calling task, and returns the channel index.
Exit if no available NIC channel.

 === void '''giet_nic_sync_send'''( void* buffer ) ===
This blocking function requires to transfer one container (4K bytes)  from an user space buffer to the Ethernet Network Controller.
It returns only when the container has been fully transfered.
The '''buffer''' argument is the container base address in user space.

 === void '''giet_nic_sync_receive'''( void* buffer ) ===
This blocking function requires to transfer one container (4K bytes)  from  the Ethernet Network Controller to an user space buffer.
It returns only when the container has been fully transfered.
The '''buffer''' argument is the container base address in user space.

 == __6) Frame Buffer related system calls__ ==

An user task can access the frame buffer through a memcpy() or through the chained buffer DMA controller. 

 === void '''giet_fb_sync_read'''( unsigned int offset, void* buffer, unsigned int length ) ===
This blocking function use a memcopy strategy to transfer data from the frame buffer to an user buffer: ''offset'' defines the offset (in bytes) in the frame buffer, ''buffer''  is the user buffer base address, ''length''  is the number of bytes to be transfered. 

 === void '''giet_fb_sync_write'''( unsigned int offset, void* buffer, unsigned int length ) ===
This blocking function use a memcopy strategy to transfer data from an user buffer to the frame buffer: ''offset'' defines the offset (in bytes) in the frame buffer, ''buffer''  is the user buffer base address, ''length''  is the number of bytes to be transfered. 

 === void '''giet_fbf_cma_start'''( void* buf0, void* buf1, unsigned int length ) === 
This function initializes the chained buffer DMA controller (CMA) to transfer a stream of images from two user buffers to the frame buffer. It must be used in conjunction with the giet_fbf_cma_display() function. A CMA channel should have been allocated to the calling task in the application mapping.
 * '''buf0('' is the first user buffer base address 
 * '''buf1''' is the second user buffer base address,
 * '''length''' is the buffer size (bytes).

 === void '''giet_fbf_cma_display'''( unsigned int buffer ) ===
This function enables the transfer of the buffer specified by the ''buffer'' argument (0 or 1).

 === void '''giet_fbf_cma_stop'''( ) ===
This function desactivates the CMA channel allocated to the calling task.

 == __7) Miscelaneous system calls__ ==

 === void '''giet_exit'''( char* string ) ===
This function stops execution of the calling task with a TTY message explaining the cause. The user task is descheduled and becomes not runable: it does not consume processor cycles anymore.

 === void '''giet_assert'''( unsigned int condition, char* string ) ===
This function uses the giet_exit() system call to kill the calling task if the condition is false.

 === void '''giet_context_switch'''() ===
The user task calling this function is descheduled and the processor is allocated to another task.

 === void '''giet_procnumber'''( unsigned int cluster_xy, unsigned int buffer ) ===
This function returns in the ''buffer'' argument the number of processors in the cluster specified by the ''cluster_xy'' argument. In case or error (such as illegal cluster index), it makes a giet_exit().

 === void '''giet_vobj_get_vbase'''( char* vspace_name, char*  vobj_name, unsigned int* vobj_vaddr) ===
This function returns in argument ''vobj_vaddr'' the virtual base address of a vobj defined in the mapping_info data structure. The vobj is identified by the two arguments ''vspace_name'' and ''vobj_name''. In case of error (such as undefined vspace or undefined vobj), it makes a giet_exit().

 === void '''giet_heap_info'''( unsigned int* vaddr, unsigned int* length, unsigned int  x, unsigned int  y );
This function supports access to the running task's heap or to a remote heap. If (x < X_SIZE) and (y < Y_SIZE), it returns the base address and length of the heap associated to any task running on cluster(x,y). Otherwise, it returns the base address and length of the heap associated to the calling task. In case of error (such as undefined heap segment in the selected cluster, it returns heap_size = 0).

 === void '''giet_get_xy'''( void* ptr, unsigned int* px, unsigned int* py ) ===
This function takes as input a virtual address (''ptr'' argument), and returns through the ''px,py'' arguments the coordinates of the cluster containing the physical address associated to ''ptr''. In case of error (unmapped virtual address), it makes a giet_exit().