1 | /* |
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2 | ************************************************************************* |
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3 | * |
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4 | * "DHRYSTONE" Benchmark Program |
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5 | * ----------------------------- |
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6 | * |
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7 | * Version: C, Version 2.1 |
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8 | * |
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9 | * File: dhry.h (part 1 of 3) |
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10 | * |
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11 | * Date: May 25, 1988 |
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12 | * |
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13 | * Author: Reinhold P. Weicker |
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14 | * Siemens Nixdorf Inf. Syst. |
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15 | * STM OS 32 |
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16 | * Otto-Hahn-Ring 6 |
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17 | * W-8000 Muenchen 83 |
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18 | * Germany |
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19 | * Phone: [+49]-89-636-42436 |
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20 | * (8-17 Central European Time) |
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21 | * UUCP: weicker@ztivax.uucp@unido.uucp |
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22 | * Internet: weicker@ztivax.siemens.com |
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23 | * |
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24 | * Original Version (in Ada) published in |
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25 | * "Communications of the ACM" vol. 27., no. 10 (Oct. 1984), |
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26 | * pp. 1013 - 1030, together with the statistics |
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27 | * on which the distribution of statements etc. is based. |
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28 | * |
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29 | * In this C version, the following C library functions are |
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30 | * used: |
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31 | * - strcpy, strcmp (inside the measurement loop) |
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32 | * - printf, scanf (outside the measurement loop) |
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33 | * |
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34 | * Collection of Results: |
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35 | * Reinhold Weicker (address see above) and |
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36 | * |
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37 | * Rick Richardson |
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38 | * PC Research. Inc. |
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39 | * 94 Apple Orchard Drive |
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40 | * Tinton Falls, NJ 07724 |
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41 | * Phone: (201) 834-1378 (9-17 EST) |
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42 | * UUCP: ...!uunet!pcrat!rick |
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43 | * |
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44 | * Please send results to Rick Richardson and/or Reinhold Weicker. |
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45 | * Complete information should be given on hardware and software |
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46 | * used. Hardware information includes: Machine type, CPU, type and |
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47 | * size of caches; for microprocessors: clock frequency, memory speed |
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48 | * (number of wait states). Software information includes: Compiler |
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49 | * (and runtime library) manufacturer and version, compilation |
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50 | * switches, OS version. The Operating System version may give an |
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51 | * indication about the compiler; Dhrystone itself performs no OS |
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52 | * calls in the measurement loop. |
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53 | * |
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54 | * The complete output generated by the program should be mailed |
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55 | * such that at least some checks for correctness can be made. |
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56 | * |
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57 | ************************************************************************* |
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58 | * |
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59 | * History: This version C/2.1 has been made for two reasons: |
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60 | * |
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61 | * 1) There is an obvious need for a common C version of |
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62 | * Dhrystone, since C is at present the most popular system |
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63 | * programming language for the class of processors |
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64 | * (microcomputers, minicomputers) where Dhrystone is used |
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65 | * most. There should be, as far as possible, only one C |
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66 | * version of Dhrystone such that results can be compared |
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67 | * without restrictions. In the past, the C versions |
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68 | * distributed by Rick Richardson (Version 1.1) and by |
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69 | * Reinhold Weicker had small (though not significant) |
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70 | * differences. |
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71 | * |
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72 | * 2) As far as it is possible without changes to the |
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73 | * Dhrystone statistics, optimizing compilers should be |
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74 | * prevented from removing significant statements. |
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75 | * |
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76 | * This C version has been developed in cooperation with |
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77 | * Rick Richardson (Tinton Falls, NJ), it incorporates many |
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78 | * ideas from the "Version 1.1" distributed previously by |
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79 | * him over the UNIX network Usenet. |
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80 | * I also thank Chaim Benedelac (National Semiconductor), |
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81 | * David Ditzel (SUN), Earl Killian and John Mashey (MIPS), |
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82 | * Alan Smith and Rafael Saavedra-Barrera (UC at Berkeley) |
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83 | * for their help with comments on earlier versions of the |
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84 | * benchmark. |
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85 | * |
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86 | * Changes: In the initialization part, this version follows mostly |
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87 | * Rick Richardson's version distributed via Usenet, not the |
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88 | * version distributed earlier via floppy disk by Reinhold |
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89 | * Weicker. As a concession to older compilers, names have |
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90 | * been made unique within the first 8 characters. Inside the |
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91 | * measurement loop, this version follows the version |
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92 | * previously distributed by Reinhold Weicker. |
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93 | * |
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94 | * At several places in the benchmark, code has been added, |
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95 | * but within the measurement loop only in branches that |
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96 | * are not executed. The intention is that optimizing |
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97 | * compilers should be prevented from moving code out of the |
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98 | * measurement loop, or from removing code altogether. Since |
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99 | * the statements that are executed within the measurement |
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100 | * loop have NOT been changed, the numbers defining the |
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101 | * "Dhrystone distribution" (distribution of statements, |
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102 | * operand types and locality) still hold. Except for |
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103 | * sophisticated optimizing compilers, execution times for |
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104 | * this version should be the same as for previous versions. |
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105 | * |
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106 | * Since it has proven difficult to subtract the time for the |
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107 | * measurement loop overhead in a correct way, the loop check |
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108 | * has been made a part of the benchmark. This does have |
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109 | * an impact - though a very minor one - on the distribution |
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110 | * statistics which have been updated for this version. |
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111 | * |
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112 | * All changes within the measurement loop are described |
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113 | * and discussed in the companion paper "Rationale for |
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114 | * Dhrystone version 2". |
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115 | * |
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116 | * Because of the self-imposed limitation that the order and |
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117 | * distribution of the executed statements should not be |
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118 | * changed, there are still cases where optimizing compilers |
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119 | * may not generate code for some statements. To a certain |
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120 | * degree, this is unavoidable for small synthetic |
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121 | * benchmarks. Users of the benchmark are advised to check |
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122 | * code listings whether code is generated for all statements |
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123 | * of Dhrystone. |
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124 | * |
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125 | * Version 2.1 is identical to version 2.0 distributed via |
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126 | * the UNIX network Usenet in March 1988 except that it |
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127 | * corrects some minor deficiencies that were found by users |
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128 | * of version 2.0. The only change within the measurement |
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129 | * loop is that a non-executed "else" part was added to the |
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130 | * "if" statement in Func_3, and a non-executed "else" part |
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131 | * removed from Proc_3. |
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132 | * |
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133 | ************************************************************************* |
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134 | * |
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135 | * Defines: The following "Defines" are possible: |
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136 | * -DROPT (default: Not defined) |
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137 | * As an approximation to what an average C |
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138 | * programmer might do, the "register" storage class |
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139 | * is applied (if enabled by -DROPT) |
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140 | * - for local variables, if they are used |
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141 | * (dynamically) five or more times |
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142 | * - for parameters if they are used (dynamically) |
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143 | * six or more times |
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144 | * Note that an optimal "register" strategy is |
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145 | * compiler-dependent, and that "register" |
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146 | * declarations do not necessarily lead to faster |
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147 | * execution. |
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148 | * -DNOSTRUCTASSIGN (default: Not defined) |
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149 | * Define if the C compiler does not support |
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150 | * assignment of structures. |
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151 | * -DNOENUMS (default: Not defined) |
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152 | * Define if the C compiler does not support |
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153 | * enumeration types. |
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154 | * |
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155 | ************************************************************************* |
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156 | * |
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157 | * Compilation model and measurement (IMPORTANT): |
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158 | * |
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159 | * This C version of Dhrystone consists of three files: |
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160 | * - dhry.h (this file, containing global definitions and comments) |
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161 | * - dhry_1.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_1) |
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162 | * - dhry_2.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_2) |
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163 | * |
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164 | * The following "ground rules" apply for measurements: |
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165 | * - Separate compilation |
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166 | * - No procedure merging |
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167 | * - Otherwise, compiler optimizations are allowed but should be |
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168 | * indicated |
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169 | * - Default results are those without register declarations |
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170 | * See the companion paper "Rationale for Dhrystone Version 2" for a more |
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171 | * detailed discussion of these ground rules. |
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172 | * |
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173 | * For 16-Bit processors (e.g. 80186, 80286), times for all compilation |
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174 | * models ("small", "medium", "large" etc.) should be given if possible, |
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175 | * together with a definition of these models for the compiler system |
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176 | * used. |
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177 | * |
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178 | ************************************************************************* |
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179 | * |
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180 | * Dhrystone (C version) statistics: |
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181 | * |
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182 | * [Comment from the first distribution, updated for version 2. |
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183 | * Note that because of language differences, the numbers are slightly |
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184 | * different from the Ada version.] |
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185 | * |
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186 | * The following program contains statements of a high level programming |
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187 | * language (here: C) in a distribution considered representative: |
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188 | * |
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189 | * assignments 52 (51.0 %) |
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190 | * control statements 33 (32.4 %) |
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191 | * procedure, function calls 17 (16.7 %) |
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192 | * |
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193 | * 103 statements are dynamically executed. The program is balanced with |
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194 | * respect to the three aspects: |
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195 | * |
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196 | * - statement type |
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197 | * - operand type |
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198 | * - operand locality |
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199 | * operand global, local, parameter, or constant. |
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200 | * |
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201 | * The combination of these three aspects is balanced only approximately. |
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202 | * |
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203 | * 1. Statement Type: |
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204 | * ----------------- number |
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205 | * |
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206 | * V1 = V2 9 |
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207 | * (incl. V1 = F(..) |
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208 | * V = Constant 12 |
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209 | * Assignment, 7 |
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210 | * with array element |
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211 | * Assignment, 6 |
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212 | * with record component |
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213 | * -- |
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214 | * 34 34 |
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215 | * |
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216 | * X = Y +|-|"&&"|"|" Z 5 |
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217 | * X = Y +|-|"==" Constant 6 |
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218 | * X = X +|- 1 3 |
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219 | * X = Y *|/ Z 2 |
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220 | * X = Expression, 1 |
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221 | * two operators |
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222 | * X = Expression, 1 |
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223 | * three operators |
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224 | * -- |
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225 | * 18 18 |
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226 | * |
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227 | * if .... 14 |
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228 | * with "else" 7 |
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229 | * without "else" 7 |
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230 | * executed 3 |
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231 | * not executed 4 |
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232 | * for ... 7 | counted every time |
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233 | * while ... 4 | the loop condition |
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234 | * do ... while 1 | is evaluated |
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235 | * switch ... 1 |
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236 | * break 1 |
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237 | * declaration with 1 |
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238 | * initialization |
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239 | * -- |
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240 | * 34 34 |
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241 | * |
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242 | * P (...) procedure call 11 |
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243 | * user procedure 10 |
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244 | * library procedure 1 |
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245 | * X = F (...) |
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246 | * function call 6 |
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247 | * user function 5 |
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248 | * library function 1 |
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249 | * -- |
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250 | * 17 17 |
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251 | * --- |
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252 | * 103 |
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253 | * |
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254 | * The average number of parameters in procedure or function calls |
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255 | * is 1.82 (not counting the function values as implicit parameters). |
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256 | * |
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257 | * |
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258 | * 2. Operators |
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259 | * ------------ |
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260 | * number approximate |
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261 | * percentage |
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262 | * |
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263 | * Arithmetic 32 50.8 |
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264 | * |
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265 | * + 21 33.3 |
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266 | * - 7 11.1 |
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267 | * * 3 4.8 |
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268 | * / (int div) 1 1.6 |
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269 | * |
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270 | * Comparison 27 42.8 |
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271 | * |
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272 | * == 9 14.3 |
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273 | * /= 4 6.3 |
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274 | * > 1 1.6 |
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275 | * < 3 4.8 |
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276 | * >= 1 1.6 |
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277 | * <= 9 14.3 |
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278 | * |
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279 | * Logic 4 6.3 |
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280 | * |
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281 | * && (AND-THEN) 1 1.6 |
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282 | * | (OR) 1 1.6 |
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283 | * ! (NOT) 2 3.2 |
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284 | * |
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285 | * -- ----- |
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286 | * 63 100.1 |
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287 | * |
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288 | * |
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289 | * 3. Operand Type (counted once per operand reference): |
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290 | * --------------- |
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291 | * number approximate |
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292 | * percentage |
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293 | * |
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294 | * Integer 175 72.3 % |
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295 | * Character 45 18.6 % |
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296 | * Pointer 12 5.0 % |
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297 | * String30 6 2.5 % |
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298 | * Array 2 0.8 % |
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299 | * Record 2 0.8 % |
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300 | * --- ------- |
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301 | * 242 100.0 % |
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302 | * |
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303 | * When there is an access path leading to the final operand (e.g. a |
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304 | * record component), only the final data type on the access path is |
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305 | * counted. |
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306 | * |
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307 | * |
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308 | * 4. Operand Locality: |
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309 | * ------------------- |
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310 | * number approximate |
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311 | * percentage |
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312 | * |
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313 | * local variable 114 47.1 % |
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314 | * global variable 22 9.1 % |
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315 | * parameter 45 18.6 % |
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316 | * value 23 9.5 % |
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317 | * reference 22 9.1 % |
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318 | * function result 6 2.5 % |
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319 | * constant 55 22.7 % |
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320 | * --- ------- |
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321 | * 242 100.0 % |
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322 | * |
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323 | * |
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324 | * The program does not compute anything meaningful, but it is |
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325 | * syntactically and semantically correct. All variables have a value |
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326 | * assigned to them before they are used as a source operand. |
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327 | * |
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328 | * There has been no explicit effort to account for the effects of a |
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329 | * cache, or to balance the use of long or short displacements for code |
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330 | * or data. |
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331 | * |
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332 | ************************************************************************* |
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333 | */ |
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334 | |
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335 | #ifndef DHRY |
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336 | #define DHRY |
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337 | |
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338 | /* Compiler and system dependent definitions: */ |
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339 | |
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340 | // #ifdef SIM2OS |
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341 | // #define DOUBLE unsigned int |
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342 | // #define Mic_secs_Per_Second 1000000 |
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343 | // #else |
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344 | #define DOUBLE float |
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345 | #define Mic_secs_Per_Second 1000000.0 |
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346 | // #endif //SIM2OS |
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347 | |
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348 | /* Berkeley UNIX C returns process times in seconds/HZ */ |
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349 | |
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350 | #ifdef NOSTRUCTASSIGN |
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351 | #define structassign(d, s) memcpy(&(d), &(s), sizeof(d)) |
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352 | #else |
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353 | #define structassign(d, s) d = s |
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354 | #endif |
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355 | |
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356 | #ifdef NOENUM |
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357 | #define Ident_1 0 |
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358 | #define Ident_2 1 |
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359 | #define Ident_3 2 |
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360 | #define Ident_4 3 |
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361 | #define Ident_5 4 |
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362 | typedef int Enumeration; |
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363 | #else |
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364 | typedef enum {Ident_1, Ident_2, Ident_3, Ident_4, Ident_5} |
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365 | Enumeration; |
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366 | #endif |
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367 | /* for boolean and enumeration types in Ada, Pascal */ |
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368 | |
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369 | /* General definitions: */ |
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370 | |
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371 | #include <stdio.h> |
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372 | /* for strcpy, strcmp */ |
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373 | |
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374 | #define Null 0 |
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375 | /* Value of a Null pointer */ |
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376 | #define true 1 |
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377 | #define false 0 |
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378 | |
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379 | typedef int One_Thirty; |
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380 | typedef int One_Fifty; |
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381 | typedef char Capital_Letter; |
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382 | typedef int Boolean; |
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383 | typedef char Str_30 [31]; |
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384 | typedef int Arr_1_Dim [50]; |
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385 | typedef int Arr_2_Dim [50] [50]; |
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386 | |
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387 | typedef struct record |
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388 | { |
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389 | struct record *Ptr_Comp; |
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390 | Enumeration Discr; |
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391 | union { |
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392 | struct { |
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393 | Enumeration Enum_Comp; |
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394 | int Int_Comp; |
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395 | char Str_Comp [31]; |
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396 | } var_1; |
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397 | struct { |
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398 | Enumeration E_Comp_2; |
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399 | char Str_2_Comp [31]; |
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400 | } var_2; |
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401 | struct { |
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402 | char Ch_1_Comp; |
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403 | char Ch_2_Comp; |
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404 | } var_3; |
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405 | } variant; |
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406 | } Rec_Type, *Rec_Pointer; |
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407 | |
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408 | #endif //!DHRY |
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