Changes between Version 4 and Version 5 of TracStandalone


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Timestamp:
Apr 24, 2020, 9:10:29 AM (5 years ago)
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trac
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  • TracStandalone

    v4 v5  
    1 ** Note: this page documents the version 1.0 of Trac, see [[0.12/TracStandalone]] if you need the previous version **
    2 = Tracd =
     1= Tracd
    32
    43Tracd is a lightweight standalone Trac web server.
    54It can be used in a variety of situations, from a test or development server to a multiprocess setup behind another web server used as a load balancer.
    65
    7 == Pros ==
     6== Pros
    87
    98 * Fewer dependencies: You don't need to install apache or any other web-server.
    … …  
    1110 * Automatic reloading: For development, Tracd can be used in ''auto_reload'' mode, which will automatically restart the server whenever you make a change to the code (in Trac itself or in a plugin).
    1211
    13 == Cons ==
     12== Cons
    1413
    1514 * Fewer features: Tracd implements a very simple web-server and is not as configurable or as scalable as Apache httpd.
    1615 * No native HTTPS support: [http://www.rickk.com/sslwrap/ sslwrap] can be used instead,
    17    or [http://trac.edgewall.org/wiki/STunnelTracd stunnel -- a tutorial on how to use stunnel with tracd] or Apache with mod_proxy.
    18 
    19 == Usage examples ==
     16   or [trac:wiki:STunnelTracd stunnel -- a tutorial on how to use stunnel with tracd] or Apache with mod_proxy.
     17
     18== Usage examples
    2019
    2120A single project on port 8080. (http://localhost:8080/)
    22 {{{
     21{{{#!sh
    2322 $ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project
    2423}}}
    25 Stricly speaking this will make your Trac accessible to everybody from your network rather than ''localhost only''. To truly limit it use ''--hostname'' option.
    26 {{{
     24Strictly speaking this will make your Trac accessible to everybody from your network rather than ''localhost only''. To truly limit it use the `--hostname` option.
     25{{{#!sh
    2726 $ tracd --hostname=localhost -p 8080 /path/to/project
    2827}}}
    2928With more than one project. (http://localhost:8080/project1/ and http://localhost:8080/project2/)
    30 {{{
     29{{{#!sh
    3130 $ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project1 /path/to/project2
    3231}}}
    … …  
    3635
    3736An alternative way to serve multiple projects is to specify a parent directory in which each subdirectory is a Trac project, using the `-e` option. The example above could be rewritten:
    38 {{{
     37{{{#!sh
    3938 $ tracd -p 8080 -e /path/to
    4039}}}
    4140
    42 To exit the server on Windows, be sure to use {{{CTRL-BREAK}}} -- using {{{CTRL-C}}} will leave a Python process running in the background.
    43 
    44 == Installing as a Windows Service ==
    45 
    46 === Option 1 ===
     41To exit the server on Windows, be sure to use `CTRL-BREAK` -- using `CTRL-C` will leave a Python process running in the background.
     42
     43== Installing as a Windows Service
     44
     45=== Option 1
    4746To install as a Windows service, get the [http://www.google.com/search?q=srvany.exe SRVANY] utility and run:
    48 {{{
     47{{{#!cmd
    4948 C:\path\to\instsrv.exe tracd C:\path\to\srvany.exe
    5049 reg add HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\tracd\Parameters /v Application /d "\"C:\path\to\python.exe\" \"C:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd-script.py\" <your tracd parameters>"
    … …  
    5554
    5655If you want tracd to start automatically when you boot Windows, do:
    57 {{{
     56{{{#!cmd
    5857 sc config tracd start= auto
    5958}}}
    … …  
    7574
    7675For Windows 7 User, srvany.exe may not be an option, so you can use [http://www.google.com/search?q=winserv.exe WINSERV] utility and run:
    77 {{{
     76{{{#!cmd
    7877"C:\path\to\winserv.exe" install tracd -displayname "tracd" -start auto "C:\path\to\python.exe" c:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd-script.py <your tracd parameters>"
    79 
    8078net start tracd
    8179}}}
    8280
    83 === Option 2 ===
     81=== Option 2
    8482
    8583Use [http://trac-hacks.org/wiki/WindowsServiceScript WindowsServiceScript], available at [http://trac-hacks.org/ Trac Hacks]. Installs, removes, starts, stops, etc. your Trac service.
    8684
    87 === Option 3 ===
     85=== Option 3
    8886
    8987also cygwin's cygrunsrv.exe can be used:
    90 {{{
     88{{{#!sh
    9189$ cygrunsrv --install tracd --path /cygdrive/c/Python27/Scripts/tracd.exe --args '--port 8000 --env-parent-dir E:\IssueTrackers\Trac\Projects'
    9290$ net start tracd
    9391}}}
    9492
    95 == Using Authentication ==
     93== Using Authentication
     94
     95Tracd allows you to run Trac without the need for Apache, but you can take advantage of Apache's password tools (`htpasswd` and `htdigest`) to easily create a password file in the proper format for tracd to use in authentication. (It is also possible to create the password file without `htpasswd` or `htdigest`; see below for alternatives)
     96
     97{{{#!div style="border: 1pt dotted; margin: 1em"
     98**Attention:** Make sure you place the generated password files on a filesystem which supports sub-second timestamps, as Trac will monitor their modified time and changes happening on a filesystem with too coarse-grained timestamp resolution (like `ext2` or `ext3` on Linux, or HFS+ on OSX).
     99}}}
    96100
    97101Tracd provides support for both Basic and Digest authentication. Digest is considered more secure. The examples below use Digest; to use Basic authentication, replace `--auth` with `--basic-auth` in the command line.
    98102
    99103The general format for using authentication is:
    100 {{{
     104{{{#!sh
    101105 $ tracd -p port --auth="base_project_dir,password_file_path,realm" project_path
    102106}}}
    … …  
    114118Examples:
    115119
    116 {{{
     120{{{#!sh
    117121 $ tracd -p 8080 \
    118122   --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" /path/to/project1
    … …  
    120124
    121125Of course, the password file can be be shared so that it is used for more than one project:
    122 {{{
     126{{{#!sh
    123127 $ tracd -p 8080 \
    124128   --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" \
    … …  
    128132
    129133Another way to share the password file is to specify "*" for the project name:
    130 {{{
     134{{{#!sh
    131135 $ tracd -p 8080 \
    132136   --auth="*,/path/to/users.htdigest,mycompany.com" \
    … …  
    134138}}}
    135139
    136 === Basic Authorization: Using a htpasswd password file ===
     140=== Basic Authorization: Using a htpasswd password file
    137141This section describes how to use `tracd` with Apache .htpasswd files.
    138142
    139   Note: It is necessary (at least with Python 2.6) to install the fcrypt package in order to
    140   decode some htpasswd formats.  Trac source code attempt an `import crypt` first, but there
    141   is no such package for Python 2.6. Only `SHA-1` passwords (since Trac 1.0) work without this module.
     143  Note: On Windows It is necessary to install the [https://pypi.python.org/pypi/passlib passlib]
     144  package in order to decode some htpasswd formats. Only `SHA-1` passwords (since Trac 1.0)
     145  work without this module.
    142146
    143147To create a .htpasswd file use Apache's `htpasswd` command (see [#GeneratingPasswordsWithoutApache below] for a method to create these files without using Apache):
    144 {{{
     148{{{#!sh
    145149 $ sudo htpasswd -c /path/to/env/.htpasswd username
    146150}}}
    147151then for additional users:
    148 {{{
     152{{{#!sh
    149153 $ sudo htpasswd /path/to/env/.htpasswd username2
    150154}}}
    151155
    152156Then to start `tracd` run something like this:
    153 {{{
    154  $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="projectdirname,/fullpath/environmentname/.htpasswd,realmname" /fullpath/environmentname
     157{{{#!sh
     158 $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="project,/fullpath/environmentname/.htpasswd,realmname" /path/to/project
    155159}}}
    156160
    157161For example:
    158 {{{
    159  $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="testenv,/srv/tracenv/testenv/.htpasswd,My Test Env" /srv/tracenv/testenv
     162{{{#!sh
     163 $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="project,/srv/tracenv/testenv/.htpasswd,My Test Env" /path/to/project
    160164}}}
    161165''Note:'' You might need to pass "-m" as a parameter to htpasswd on some platforms (OpenBSD).
    162166
    163 === Digest authentication: Using a htdigest password file ===
     167=== Digest authentication: Using a htdigest password file
    164168
    165169If you have Apache available, you can use the htdigest command to generate the password file. Type 'htdigest' to get some usage instructions, or read [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/programs/htdigest.html this page] from the Apache manual to get precise instructions.  You'll be prompted for a password to enter for each user that you create.  For the name of the password file, you can use whatever you like, but if you use something like `users.htdigest` it will remind you what the file contains. As a suggestion, put it in your <projectname>/conf folder along with the [TracIni trac.ini] file.
    … …  
    167171Note that you can start tracd without the `--auth` argument, but if you click on the ''Login'' link you will get an error.
    168172
    169 === Generating Passwords Without Apache ===
    170 
    171 Basic Authorization can be accomplished via this [http://aspirine.org/htpasswd_en.html online HTTP Password generator] which also supports `SHA-1`.  Copy the generated password-hash line to the .htpasswd file on your system. Note that Windows Python lacks the "crypt" module that is the default hash type for htpasswd ; Windows Python can grok MD5 password hashes just fine and you should use MD5.
    172 
    173 You can use this simple Python script to generate a '''digest''' password file:
    174 
    175 {{{
    176 #!python
    177 from optparse import OptionParser
    178 # The md5 module is deprecated in Python 2.5
    179 try:
    180     from hashlib import md5
    181 except ImportError:
    182     from md5 import md5
    183 realm = 'trac'
    184 
    185 # build the options
    186 usage = "usage: %prog [options]"
    187 parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
    188 parser.add_option("-u", "--username",action="store", dest="username", type = "string",
    189                   help="the username for whom to generate a password")
    190 parser.add_option("-p", "--password",action="store", dest="password", type = "string",
    191                   help="the password to use")
    192 parser.add_option("-r", "--realm",action="store", dest="realm", type = "string",
    193                   help="the realm in which to create the digest")
    194 (options, args) = parser.parse_args()
    195 
    196 # check options
    197 if (options.username is None) or (options.password is None):
    198    parser.error("You must supply both the username and password")
    199 if (options.realm is not None):
    200    realm = options.realm
    201    
    202 # Generate the string to enter into the htdigest file
    203 kd = lambda x: md5(':'.join(x)).hexdigest()
    204 print ':'.join((options.username, realm, kd([options.username, realm, options.password])))
    205 }}}
    206 
    207 Note: If you use the above script you must set the realm in the `--auth` argument to '''`trac`'''. Example usage (assuming you saved the script as trac-digest.py):
    208 
    209 {{{
    210  $ python trac-digest.py -u username -p password >> c:\digest.txt
    211  $ tracd --port 8000 --auth=proj_name,c:\digest.txt,trac c:\path\to\proj_name
     173=== Generating Passwords Without Apache
     174
     175Basic Authorization can be accomplished via this [http://aspirine.org/htpasswd_en.html online HTTP Password generator] which also supports `SHA-1`.  Copy the generated password-hash line to the .htpasswd file on your system. Note that Windows Python lacks the "crypt" module that is the default hash type for htpasswd. Windows Python can grok MD5 password hashes just fine and you should use MD5.
     176
     177Trac also provides `htpasswd` and `htdigest` scripts in `contrib`:
     178{{{#!sh
     179$ ./contrib/htpasswd.py -cb htpasswd user1 user1
     180$ ./contrib/htpasswd.py -b htpasswd user2 user2
     181}}}
     182
     183{{{#!sh
     184$ ./contrib/htdigest.py -cb htdigest trac user1 user1
     185$ ./contrib/htdigest.py -b htdigest trac user2 user2
    212186}}}
    213187
    214188==== Using `md5sum`
    215189It is possible to use `md5sum` utility to generate digest-password file:
    216 {{{
     190{{{#!sh
    217191user=
    218192realm=
    … …  
    222196}}}
    223197
    224 == Reference ==
     198== Reference
    225199
    226200Here's the online help, as a reminder (`tracd --help`):
    … …  
    258232Use the -d option so that tracd doesn't hang if you close the terminal window where tracd was started.
    259233
    260 == Tips ==
    261 
    262 === Serving static content ===
     234== Tips
     235
     236=== Serving static content
    263237
    264238If `tracd` is the only web server used for the project,
    … …  
    271245Example: given a `$TRAC_ENV/htdocs/software-0.1.tar.gz` file,
    272246the corresponding relative URL would be `/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz`,
    273 which in turn can be written as `htdocs:software-0.1.tar.gz` (TracLinks syntax) or `[/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz]` (relative link syntax).
    274 
    275  ''Support for `htdocs:` TracLinks syntax was added in version 0.10''
     247which in turn can be written as `htdocs:software-0.1.tar.gz` (TracLinks syntax) or `[/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz]` (relative link syntax).
    276248
    277249=== Using tracd behind a proxy
    … …  
    286258
    287259=== Authentication for tracd behind a proxy
    288 It is convenient to provide central external authentication to your tracd instances, instead of using {{{--basic-auth}}}. There is some discussion about this in #9206.
     260It is convenient to provide central external authentication to your tracd instances, instead of using `--basic-auth`. There is some discussion about this in [trac:#9206].
    289261
    290262Below is example configuration based on Apache 2.2, mod_proxy, mod_authnz_ldap.
    … …  
    292264First we bring tracd into Apache's location namespace.
    293265
    294 {{{
     266{{{#!apache
    295267<Location /project/proxified>
    296268        Require ldap-group cn=somegroup, ou=Groups,dc=domain.com
    … …  
    303275
    304276Then we need a single file plugin to recognize HTTP_REMOTE_USER header as valid authentication source. HTTP headers like '''HTTP_FOO_BAR''' will get converted to '''Foo-Bar''' during processing. Name it something like '''remote-user-auth.py''' and drop it into '''proxified/plugins''' directory:
    305 {{{
    306 #!python
     277{{{#!python
    307278from trac.core import *
    308279from trac.config import BoolOption
    … …  
    325296
    326297Add this new parameter to your TracIni:
    327 {{{
    328 ...
     298{{{#!ini
    329299[trac]
    330300...
    … …  
    334304
    335305Run tracd:
    336 {{{
    337 tracd -p 8101 -r -s proxified --base-path=/project/proxified
     306{{{#!sh
     307tracd -p 8101 -s proxified --base-path=/project/proxified
    338308}}}
    339309
    … …  
    341311
    342312Global config (e.g. `/srv/trac/conf/trac.ini`):
    343 {{{
     313{{{#!ini
    344314[components]
    345315remote-user-auth.* = enabled
    … …  
    351321
    352322Environment config (e.g. `/srv/trac/envs/myenv`):
    353 {{{
     323{{{#!ini
    354324[inherit]
    355325file = /srv/trac/conf/trac.ini
    356326}}}
    357327
    358 === Serving a different base path than / ===
     328=== Serving a different base path than /
    359329Tracd supports serving projects with different base urls than /<project>. The parameter name to change this is
    360 {{{
     330{{{#!sh
    361331 $ tracd --base-path=/some/path
    362332}}}