Changes between Version 3 and Version 4 of TracFastCgi


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Timestamp:
Apr 24, 2020, 9:10:41 AM (5 years ago)
Author:
trac
Comment:

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  • TracFastCgi

    v3 v4  
    1 [[PageOutline]]
    2 
    3 = Trac with FastCGI =
    4 
    5 [http://www.fastcgi.com/ FastCGI] interface allows Trac to remain resident much like with [wiki:TracModPython mod_python] or [wiki:TracModWSGI mod_wsgi]. It is faster than external CGI interfaces which must start a new process for each request.  Additionally, it is supported by much wider variety of web servers.
    6 
    7 Note that unlike mod_python, FastCGI supports [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/suexec.html Apache SuEXEC], i.e. run with different permissions than web server running with (`mod_wsgi` supports the `WSGIDaemonProcess` with user / group parameters to achieve the same effect).
     1= Trac with FastCGI
     2
     3[[TracGuideToc]]
     4[[PageOutline(2-5, Contents, floated)]]
     5
     6[http://www.fastcgi.com/ FastCGI] interface allows Trac to remain resident much like with [wiki:TracModPython mod_python] or [wiki:TracModWSGI mod_wsgi]. It is faster than external CGI interfaces which must start a new process for each request. Additionally, it is supported by a much wider variety of web servers.
     7
     8Note that unlike mod_python, FastCGI supports [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/suexec.html Apache SuEXEC], ie run with different permissions than the web server runs with. `mod_wsgi` supports the `WSGIDaemonProcess` with user / group parameters to achieve the same effect.
    89
    910'''Note for Windows:''' Trac's FastCGI does not run under Windows, as Windows does not implement `Socket.fromfd`, which is used by `_fcgi.py`. If you want to connect to IIS, you may want to try [trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp AJP]/[trac:TracOnWindowsIisAjp ISAPI].
    1011
    11 [[PageOutline(2-3,Overview,inline)]]
    12 
    13 
    14 == Simple Apache configuration ==
    15 
    16 There are two FastCGI modules commonly available for Apache: `mod_fastcgi` and
    17 `mod_fcgid` (preferred). The latter is more up-to-date.
     12== Apache configuration
     13
     14There are two FastCGI modules commonly available for Apache: `mod_fastcgi` and `mod_fcgid` (preferred). The latter is more up-to-date.
    1815
    1916The following sections focus on the FCGI specific setup, see also [wiki:TracModWSGI#ConfiguringAuthentication] for configuring the authentication in Apache.
    2017
    21 Regardless of which cgi module is used, be sure the web server has executable permissions on the cgi-bin folder. While FastCGI will throw specific permissions errors, mod_fcgid will throw an ambiguous error if this has not been done. (Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error reading data from FastCGI server)
    22 
    23 === Set up with `mod_fastcgi` ===
     18Regardless of which cgi module is used, be sure the web server has executable permissions on the cgi-bin folder. While FastCGI will throw specific permissions errors, mod_fcgid will throw an ambiguous error if this has not been done: `Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error reading data from FastCGI server`.
     19
     20=== Set up with `mod_fastcgi`
     21
    2422`mod_fastcgi` uses `FastCgiIpcDir` and `FastCgiConfig` directives that should be added to an appropriate Apache configuration file:
    25 {{{
     23{{{#!apache
    2624# Enable fastcgi for .fcgi files
    2725# (If you're using a distro package for mod_fcgi, something like
    … …  
    3331LoadModule fastcgi_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_fastcgi.so
    3432}}}
     33
    3534Setting `FastCgiIpcDir` is optional if the default is suitable. Note that the `LoadModule` line must be after the `IfModule` group.
    3635
    37 Configure `ScriptAlias` or similar options as described in TracCgi, but
    38 calling `trac.fcgi` instead of `trac.cgi`.
     36Configure `ScriptAlias` or similar options as described in TracCgi, but calling `trac.fcgi` instead of `trac.cgi`.
    3937
    4038Add the following to the Apache configuration file (below the `FastCgiIpcDir` line) if you intend to set up the `TRAC_ENV` as an overall default:
    41 {{{
     39{{{#!apache
    4240FastCgiConfig -initial-env TRAC_ENV=/path/to/env/trac
    4341}}}
    4442
    4543Alternatively, you can serve multiple Trac projects in a directory by adding this:
    46 {{{
     44{{{#!apache
    4745FastCgiConfig -initial-env TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR=/parent/dir/of/projects
    4846}}}
    4947
    50 === Set up with `mod_fcgid` ===
    51 Configure `ScriptAlias` (see TracCgi for details), but call `trac.fcgi`
    52 instead of `trac.cgi`. Note that slash at the end - it is important.
    53 {{{
     48You can also specify the `PYTHON_EGG_CACHE` environment variable using a second `-initial-env` directive:
     49{{{#!apache
     50FastCgiConfig -initial-env TRAC_ENV=/var/lib/trac \
     51    -initial-env PYTHON_EGG_CACHE=/var/lib/trac/plugin-cache
     52}}}
     53
     54=== Set up with `mod_fcgid`
     55
     56Configure `ScriptAlias` (see TracCgi for details), but call `trac.fcgi` instead of `trac.cgi`:
     57{{{#!apache
    5458ScriptAlias /trac /path/to/www/trac/cgi-bin/trac.fcgi/
    5559}}}
    5660
    57 To set up Trac environment for `mod_fcgid` it is necessary to use
    58 `DefaultInitEnv` directive. It cannot be used in `Directory` or
    59 `Location` context, so if you need to support multiple projects, try
    60 alternative environment setup below.
    61 
    62 {{{
     61Note the slash at the end.
     62
     63To set up Trac environment for `mod_fcgid` it is necessary to use `DefaultInitEnv` directive. It cannot be used in `Directory` or `Location` context, so if you need to support multiple projects, try the alternative environment setup below:
     64{{{#!apache
    6365DefaultInitEnv TRAC_ENV /path/to/env/trac/
    6466}}}
    6567
    66 === alternative environment setup ===
    67 A better method to specify path to Trac environment is to embed the path
    68 into `trac.fcgi` script itself. That doesn't require configuration of server
    69 environment variables, works for both FastCgi modules
    70 (and for [http://www.lighttpd.net/ lighttpd] and CGI as well):
    71 {{{
     68=== Alternative environment setup
     69
     70A better method to specify the path to the Trac environment is to embed the path into `trac.fcgi` script itself. That doesn't require configuration of the server environment variables, works for both [trac:FastCgi] modules as well as for [http://www.lighttpd.net/ lighttpd] and CGI:
     71{{{#!python
    7272import os
    7373os.environ['TRAC_ENV'] = "/path/to/projectenv"
    7474}}}
    75 or
    76 {{{
     75
     76or:
     77{{{#!python
    7778import os
    7879os.environ['TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR'] = "/path/to/project/parent/dir"
    7980}}}
    8081
    81 With this method different projects can be supported by using different
    82 `.fcgi` scripts with different `ScriptAliases`.
     82With this method different projects can be supported by using different `.fcgi` scripts with different `ScriptAliases`.
    8383
    8484See [https://coderanger.net/~coderanger/httpd/fcgi_example.conf this fcgid example config] which uses a !ScriptAlias directive with trac.fcgi with a trailing / like this:
    85 {{{
     85{{{#!apache
    8686ScriptAlias / /srv/tracsite/cgi-bin/trac.fcgi/
    8787}}}
    8888
    89 == Simple Cherokee Configuration ==
    90 
    91 The configuration on Cherokee's side is quite simple. You will only need to know that you can spawn Trac as an SCGI process.
    92 You can either start it manually, or better yet, automatically by letting Cherokee spawn the server whenever it is down.
    93 First set up an information source in cherokee-admin with a local interpreter.
     89== Cherokee Configuration
     90
     91Configuring [http://cherokee-project.com/ Cherokee] with Trac is straightforward, if you spawn Trac as an SCGI process. You can either start it manually, or better yet, automatically by letting Cherokee spawn the server whenever it is down.
     92
     93First set up an information source in cherokee-admin with a local interpreter:
    9494
    9595{{{
    … …  
    104104
    105105After doing this, we will just have to create a new rule managed by the SCGI handler to access Trac. It can be created in a new virtual server, trac.example.net for instance, and will only need two rules. The '''default''' one will use the SCGI handler associated to the previously created information source.
    106 The second rule will be there to serve the few static files needed to correctly display the Trac interface. Create it as ''Directory rule'' for ''/common'' and just set it to the ''Static files'' handler and with a ''Document root'' that points to the appropriate files: ''$TRAC_LOCAL/htdocs/'' (where $TRAC_LOCAL is a directory defined by the user or the system administrator to place local trac resources).
    107 
    108 Note:\\
    109 If the tracd process fails to start up, and cherokee displays a 503 error page, you might be missing the [http://trac.saddi.com/flup python-flup] package.\\
    110 Python-flup is a dependency which provides trac with SCGI capability. You can install it on debian based systems with:
    111 {{{
     106The second rule will be there to serve the few static files needed to correctly display the Trac interface. Create it as ''Directory rule'' for ''/common'' and just set it to the ''Static files'' handler and with a ''Document root'' that points to the appropriate files: ''$TRAC_LOCAL/htdocs/'' (where $TRAC_LOCAL is a directory defined by the user or the system administrator to place local Trac resources).
     107
     108'''Note:''' If the tracd process fails to start up, and Cherokee displays a 503 error page, you might be missing the [http://trac.saddi.com/flup python-flup] package ([trac:#9903]). Python-flup is a dependency which provides Trac with SCGI capability. You can install it on Debian based systems with:
     109{{{#!sh
    112110sudo apt-get install python-flup
    113111}}}
    114112
    115 
    116 == Simple Lighttpd Configuration ==
    117 
    118 The FastCGI front-end was developed primarily for use with alternative webservers, such as [http://www.lighttpd.net/ lighttpd].
    119 
    120 lighttpd is a secure, fast, compliant and very flexible web-server that has been optimized for high-performance
    121 environments.  It has a very low memory footprint compared to other web servers and takes care of CPU load.
    122 
    123 For using `trac.fcgi`(prior to 0.11) / fcgi_frontend.py (0.11) with lighttpd add the following to your lighttpd.conf:
     113== Lighttpd Configuration
     114
     115The FastCGI front-end was developed primarily for use with alternative webservers, such as [http://www.lighttpd.net/ Lighttpd].
     116
     117Lighttpd is a secure, fast, compliant and very flexible web-server that has been optimized for high-performance environments. It has a very low memory footprint compared to other web servers and takes care of CPU load.
     118
     119For using `trac.fcgi`(prior to 0.11) / fcgi_frontend.py (0.11) with Lighttpd add the following to your lighttpd.conf:
    124120{{{
    125121#var.fcgi_binary="/usr/bin/python /path/to/fcgi_frontend.py" # 0.11 if installed with easy_setup, it is inside the egg directory
    … …  
    138134}}}
    139135
    140 Note that you will need to add a new entry to `fastcgi.server` for each separate Trac instance that you wish to run. Alternatively, you may use the `TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR` variable instead of `TRAC_ENV` as described above,
    141 and you may set one of the two in `trac.fcgi` instead of in `lighttpd.conf`
    142 using `bin-environment` (as in the section above on Apache configuration).
    143 
    144 Note that lighttpd has a bug related to 'SCRIPT_NAME' and 'PATH_INFO' when the uri of fastcgi.server is '/' instead of '/trac' in this example (see [trac:#2418]). This should be fixed since lighttpd 1.4.23, and you may need to add `"fix-root-scriptname" => "enable"` as parameter of fastcgi.server.
     136Note that you will need to add a new entry to `fastcgi.server` for each separate Trac instance that you wish to run. Alternatively, you may use the `TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR` variable instead of `TRAC_ENV` as described above, and you may set one of the two in `trac.fcgi` instead of in `lighttpd.conf` using `bin-environment`, as in the section above on Apache configuration.
     137
     138Note that Lighttpd has a bug related to 'SCRIPT_NAME' and 'PATH_INFO' when the uri of fastcgi.server is '/' instead of '/trac' in this example (see [trac:#2418]). This is fixed in Lighttpd 1.5, and under Lighttpd 1.4.23 or later the workaround is to add `"fix-root-scriptname" => "enable"` as a parameter of fastcgi.server.
    145139
    146140For using two projects with lighttpd add the following to your `lighttpd.conf`:
    … …  
    166160                )
    167161}}}
    168 Note that field values are different.  If you prefer setting the environment
    169 variables in the `.fcgi` scripts, then copy/rename `trac.fcgi`, e.g., to
    170 `first.fcgi` and `second.fcgi`, and reference them in the above settings.
    171 Note that the above will result in different processes in any event, even
    172 if both are running from the same `trac.fcgi` script.
    173 
    174 {{{
    175 #!div class=important
    176 '''Note''' It's very important the order on which server.modules are loaded, if mod_auth is not loaded '''BEFORE''' mod_fastcgi, then the server will fail to authenticate the user.
     162
     163Note that the field values are different. If you prefer setting the environment variables in the `.fcgi` scripts, then copy/rename `trac.fcgi`, eg to `first.fcgi` and `second.fcgi`, and reference them in the above settings.
     164Note that the above will result in different processes in any event, even if both are running from the same `trac.fcgi` script.
     165
     166{{{#!div class=important
     167'''Note:''' The order in which the server.modules are loaded is very important: if mod_auth is not loaded '''before''' mod_fastcgi, then the server will fail to authenticate the user.
    177168}}}
    178169
    … …  
    213204               )
    214205
    215 
    216 }}}
    217 Note that lighttpd (I use version 1.4.3) stopped if password file doesn't exist.
    218 
    219 Note that lighttpd doesn't support 'valid-user' in versions prior to 1.3.16.
    220 
    221 Conditional configuration is also useful for mapping static resources, i.e. serving out images and CSS directly instead of through FastCGI:
     206}}}
     207
     208Note that Lighttpd (v1.4.3) stops if the password file doesn't exist.
     209
     210Note that Lighttpd doesn't support 'valid-user' in versions prior to 1.3.16.
     211
     212Conditional configuration is also useful for mapping static resources, ie serving out images and CSS directly instead of through FastCGI:
    222213{{{
    223214# Aliasing functionality is needed
    … …  
    243234}
    244235}}}
     236
    245237The technique can be easily adapted for use with multiple projects by creating aliases for each of them, and wrapping the fastcgi.server declarations inside conditional configuration blocks.
    246 Also there is another way to handle multiple projects and it's to use TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR instead of TRAC_ENV and use global auth, let's see an example:
     238
     239Also there is another way to handle multiple projects and it uses `TRAC_ENV_PARENT_DIR` instead of `TRAC_ENV` as well as global authentication:
    247240{{{
    248241#  This is for handling multiple projects
    … …  
    274267}}}
    275268
    276 Changing date/time format also supported by lighttpd over environment variable LC_TIME
     269Changing date/time format also supported by lighttpd over environment variable LC_TIME:
    277270{{{
    278271fastcgi.server = ("/trac" =>
    … …  
    288281                 )
    289282}}}
     283
    290284For details about languages specification see [trac:TracFaq TracFaq] question 2.13.
    291285
    292286Other important information like the [wiki:TracInstall#MappingStaticResources mapping static resources advices] are useful for non-fastcgi specific installation aspects.
    293 ]
    294 
    295 Relaunch lighttpd, and browse to `http://yourhost.example.org/trac` to access Trac.
    296 
    297 Note about running lighttpd with reduced permissions:
    298 
    299 If nothing else helps and trac.fcgi doesn't start with lighttpd settings `server.username = "www-data"`, `server.groupname = "www-data"`, then in the `bin-environment` section set `PYTHON_EGG_CACHE` to the home directory of `www-data` or some other directory accessible to this account for writing.
    300 
    301 
    302 == Simple !LiteSpeed Configuration ==
     287
     288Relaunch Lighttpd and browse to `http://yourhost.example.org/trac` to access Trac.
     289
     290Note about running Lighttpd with reduced permissions: If nothing else helps and trac.fcgi doesn't start with Lighttpd settings `server.username = "www-data"`, `server.groupname = "www-data"`, then in the `bin-environment` section set `PYTHON_EGG_CACHE` to the home directory of `www-data` or some other directory accessible to this account for writing.
     291
     292== !LiteSpeed Configuration
    303293
    304294The FastCGI front-end was developed primarily for use with alternative webservers, such as [http://www.litespeedtech.com/ LiteSpeed].
    … …  
    306296!LiteSpeed web server is an event-driven asynchronous Apache replacement designed from the ground-up to be secure, scalable, and operate with minimal resources. !LiteSpeed can operate directly from an Apache config file and is targeted for business-critical environments.
    307297
    308  1. Please make sure you have first have a working install of a Trac project. Test install with “tracd” first.
    309 
    310  2. Create a Virtual Host for this setup. From now on we will refer to this vhost as !TracVhost. For this tutorial we will be assuming that your trac project will be accessible via:
    311 
     298 1. Please make sure you have a working install of a Trac project. Test install with "tracd" first.
     299 1. Create a Virtual Host for this setup. From now on we will refer to this vhost as !TracVhost. For this tutorial we will be assuming that your Trac project will be accessible via:
    312300{{{
    313301http://yourdomain.com/trac/
    314302}}}
    315 
    316  3. Go “!TracVhost → External Apps” tab and create a new “External Application”.
    317 
     303 1. Go "!TracVhost → External Apps" tab and create a new "External Application":
    318304{{{
    319305Name: MyTracFCGI       
    … …  
    331317Instances: 10
    332318}}}
    333 
    334  4. Optional. If you need to use htpasswd based authentication. Go to “!TracVhost → Security” tab and create a new security “Realm”.
    335 
    336 {{{
     319 1. Optional: If you need to use htpasswd based authentication. Go to "!TracVhost → Security" tab and create a new security Realm:
     320 {{{
    337321DB Type: Password File
    338322Realm Name: MyTracUserDB               <--- any name you wish and referenced later
    339323User DB Location: /fullpathto/htpasswd <--- path to your htpasswd file
    340324}}}
    341 
    342 If you don’t have a htpasswd file or don’t know how to create the entries within one, go to http://sherylcanter.com/encrypt.php, to generate the user:password combos.
    343 
    344  5. Go to “!PythonVhost → Contexts” and create a new “FCGI Context”.
    345 
    346 {{{
     325 If you don’t have a htpasswd file or don’t know how to create the entries within one, go to http://sherylcanter.com/encrypt.php, to generate the user:password combos.
     326 1. Go to "!PythonVhost → Contexts" and create a new FCGI Context:
     327 {{{
    347328URI: /trac/                              <--- URI path to bind to python fcgi app we created   
    348 Fast CGI App: [VHost Level] MyTractFCGI  <--- select the trac fcgi extapp we just created
     329Fast CGI App: [VHost Level] MyTractFCGI  <--- select the Trac fcgi extapp we just created
    349330Realm: TracUserDB                        <--- only if (4) is set. select realm created in (4)
    350331}}}
    351 
    352  6. Modify `/fullpathto/mytracproject/conf/trac.ini`
    353 
    354 {{{
     332 1. Modify `/fullpathto/mytracproject/conf/trac.ini`:
     333 {{{
    355334#find/set base_rul, url, and link variables
    356335base_url = http://yourdomain.com/trac/ <--- base url to generate correct links to
    … …  
    358337link = http://yourdomain.com/trac/     <--- link of graphic logo
    359338}}}
    360 
    361  7. Restart !LiteSpeed, “lswsctrl restart”, and access your new Trac project at:
    362 
    363 {{{
    364 http://yourdomain.com/trac/
    365 }}}
    366 
    367 
    368 == Simple Nginx Configuration ==
    369 
    370 Nginx is able to communicate with FastCGI processes, but can not spawn them. So you need to start FastCGI server for Trac separately.
     339 1. Restart !LiteSpeed: `lswsctrl restart`, and access your new Trac project at {{{http://yourdomain.com/trac/}}}.
     340
     341== Nginx Configuration
     342
     343[http://nginx.org/en/ Nginx] is able to communicate with FastCGI processes, but can not spawn them. So you need to start FastCGI server for Trac separately.
    371344
    372345 1. Nginx configuration with basic authentication handled by Nginx - confirmed to work on 0.6.32
    373 {{{
     346 {{{#!nginx
    374347    server {
    375348        listen       10.9.8.7:443;
    … …  
    386359        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;
    387360
    388         # (Or ``^/some/prefix/(.*)``.
    389         if ($uri ~ ^/(.*)) {
    390              set $path_info /$1;
     361        # it makes sense to serve static resources through Nginx (or ``~ [/some/prefix]/chrome/(.*)``)
     362        location ~ /chrome/(.*) {
     363             alias /home/trac/instance/static/htdocs/$1;
    391364        }
    392365
    393         # it makes sense to serve static resources through Nginx
    394         location /chrome/ {
    395              alias /home/trac/instance/static/htdocs/;
    396         }
    397 
    398         # You can copy this whole location to ``location [/some/prefix]/login``
     366        # You can copy this whole location to ``location [/some/prefix](/login)``
    399367        # and remove the auth entries below if you want Trac to enforce
    400368        # authorization where appropriate instead of needing to authenticate
    401369        # for accessing the whole site.
    402         # (Or ``location /some/prefix``.)
    403         location / {
     370        # (Or ``~ location /some/prefix(/.*)``.)
     371        location ~ (/.*) {
    404372            auth_basic            "trac realm";
    405373            auth_basic_user_file /home/trac/htpasswd;
    … …  
    415383            # (Or ``fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME  /some/prefix``.)
    416384            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        "";
    417             fastcgi_param  PATH_INFO          $path_info;
     385            fastcgi_param  PATH_INFO          $1;
    418386
    419387            ## WSGI NEEDED VARIABLES - trac warns about them
    … …  
    438406    }
    439407}}}
    440 
    441  2. Modified trac.fcgi:
    442 
    443 {{{
     408 1. Modified trac.fcgi:
     409 {{{#!python
    444410#!/usr/bin/env python
    445411import os
    … …  
    472438
    473439}}}
    474 
    475  3. reload nginx and launch trac.fcgi like that:
    476 
    477 {{{
     440 1. Reload nginx and launch trac.fcgi:
     441 {{{#!sh
    478442trac@trac.example ~ $ ./trac-standalone-fcgi.py
    479443}}}
    480444
    481445The above assumes that:
    482  * There is a user named 'trac' for running trac instances and keeping trac environments in its home directory.
    483  * `/home/trac/instance` contains a trac environment
     446 * There is a user named 'trac' for running Trac instances and keeping Trac environments in its home directory
     447 * `/home/trac/instance` contains a Trac environment
    484448 * `/home/trac/htpasswd` contains authentication information
    485  * `/home/trac/run` is owned by the same group the nginx runs under
     449 * `/home/trac/run` is owned by the same group the Nginx runs under
    486450  * and if your system is Linux the `/home/trac/run` has setgid bit set (`chmod g+s run`)
    487   * and patch from ticket #T7239 is applied, or you'll have to fix the socket file permissions every time
    488 
    489 Unfortunately nginx does not support variable expansion in fastcgi_pass directive.
    490 Thus it is not possible to serve multiple trac instances from one server block.
    491 
    492 If you worry enough about security, run trac instances under separate users.
    493 
    494 Another way to run trac as a FCGI external application is offered in ticket #T6224
     451  * and patch from [trac:#7239] is applied, or you'll have to fix the socket file permissions every time
     452
     453Unfortunately Nginx does not support variable expansion in fastcgi_pass directive.
     454Thus it is not possible to serve multiple Trac instances from one server block.
     455
     456If you worry enough about security, run Trac instances under separate users.
     457
     458Another way to run Trac as a FCGI external application is offered in [trac:#6224].
    495459
    496460----
    497 See also:  TracGuide, TracInstall, [wiki:TracModWSGI ModWSGI], [wiki:TracCgi CGI], [wiki:TracModPython ModPython], [trac:TracNginxRecipe TracNginxRecipe]
     461See also: TracGuide, TracInstall, [wiki:TracModWSGI ModWSGI], [wiki:TracCgi CGI], [wiki:TracModPython ModPython], [trac:TracNginxRecipe TracNginxRecipe]