[289] | 1 | \anrdoc{Décrire le contexte économique, social, réglementaire⊠dans lequel se |
---|
| 2 | situe le projet en présentant une analyse des enjeux sociaux, économiques, |
---|
| 3 | environnementaux, industriels⊠Donner si possible des arguments chiffrés, par |
---|
| 4 | exemple, pertinence et portée du projet par rapport à la demande économique |
---|
| 5 | (analyse du marché, analyse des tendances), analyse de la concurrence, |
---|
| 6 | indicateurs de réduction de coûts, perspectives de marchés (champs |
---|
| 7 | dâapplication, âŠ). Indicateurs des gains environnementaux, cycle de vie.} |
---|
[307] | 8 | % |
---|
[312] | 9 | \subsubsection*{The electronic market} |
---|
[289] | 10 | \begin{table}\leavevmode\center |
---|
| 11 | \begin{small}\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}\hline |
---|
| 12 | Segment & 2010 & 2011 & 2012 \\\hline\hline |
---|
| 13 | Communications & 1,867 & 1,946 & 2,096 \\ |
---|
| 14 | High end & 467 & 511 & 550 \\\hline |
---|
| 15 | Consumer & 550 & 592 & 672 \\ |
---|
| 16 | High end & 53 & 62 & 75 \\\hline |
---|
| 17 | Automotive & 243 & 286 & 358 \\ |
---|
| 18 | High end & - & - & - \\\hline |
---|
| 19 | Industrial & 1,102 & 1,228 & 1,406 \\ |
---|
| 20 | High end & 177 & 188 & 207 \\\hline |
---|
| 21 | Military/Aereo & 566 & 636 & 717 \\ |
---|
| 22 | High end & 56 & 65 & 82 \\\hline\hline |
---|
| 23 | Total FPGA/PLD & 4,659 & 5,015 & 5,583 \\ |
---|
| 24 | Total High-End FPGA & 753 & 826 & 914 \\\hline |
---|
| 25 | \end{tabular}\end{small} |
---|
| 26 | \caption{\label{fpga_market} Gartner estimation of worldwide FPGA/PLD consumption (Millions \$)} |
---|
| 27 | \end{table} |
---|
| 28 | % |
---|
| 29 | Microelectronic components allow the integration of complex functions into products, increases |
---|
| 30 | commercial attractivity of these products and improves their competitivity. |
---|
[312] | 31 | \cite{rapport-ministere} estimates a 7\% growth of the micro-electronic market until 2015 minimum. |
---|
| 32 | Multimedia and communication sectors have taken advantage from microelectronics facilities |
---|
[289] | 33 | thanks to the developpment of design methodologies and tools for embedded systems. |
---|
| 34 | Unfortunately, the Non Recurring Engineering (NRE) costs involded in the design |
---|
[319] | 35 | and manufacturing of ASICs is very high. |
---|
[289] | 36 | An IC foundry costs several billions of euros and the fabrication of a specific circuit |
---|
| 37 | costs several millions. For example a conservative estimate for a 65nm ASIC project is 10 |
---|
[319] | 38 | million USD. Consequently, it is more and more unaffordable to design and fabricate ASICs for low and medium |
---|
[312] | 39 | volume markets and the new trend for building the new generation products will be multi processors SoCs and programmable logic for co-processsing. |
---|
| 40 | \\ |
---|
| 41 | According to a market survey (J-M. Chery, CTO ST Microelectronics at European NanoelectronicsForum 2010), the global growth is 30 Billons\$ between 2009-2013 for multimedia and communication sectors; this is 6 times more than all other domains like security, home automation, health. |
---|
[319] | 42 | The predominance%paul |
---|
| 43 | the multimedia and communication sectors |
---|
| 44 | %results paul |
---|
| 45 | are due to their being predominently a mass market. |
---|
[307] | 46 | % |
---|
| 47 | \subsubsection*{FPGAs and Embedded Systems} |
---|
[312] | 48 | Today, FPGAs become important in the computational domain that was originally dominated |
---|
[289] | 49 | by microprocessors and ASICs. Just like microprocessors, FPGA based systems can be reprogrammed |
---|
| 50 | on a per-application basis. For many applications, FPGAs offer significant performance benefits over |
---|
| 51 | microprocessors implementation. There is still a performance degradation of one order |
---|
| 52 | of magnitude versus an equivalent ASIC implementations, but low cost |
---|
| 53 | (500 euros to 10K euros), fast time-to-market and flexibility of FPGAs make them an attractive |
---|
| 54 | choice for low-to-medium volume applications. |
---|
| 55 | Since their introduction in the mid eighties, FPGAs evolved from a simple, |
---|
| 56 | low-capacity gate array to devices (\altera STRATIX III, \xilinx Virtex V) that |
---|
| 57 | provide a mix of coarse-grained data path units, memory blocks, microprocessor cores, |
---|
| 58 | on chip A/D conversion, and gate counts by millions. This high logic capacity allows to implement |
---|
| 59 | complex systems like multi-processors platform with application dedicated coprocessors. |
---|
| 60 | Table~\ref{fpga_market} shows the estimation of the FPGA worldwide market in the next years in |
---|
| 61 | various application domains. The ``high end'' lines concern only FPGA with high logic |
---|
| 62 | capacity for complex system implementations. |
---|
| 63 | This market is in significant expansion and is estimated to 914\,M\$ in 2012. |
---|
| 64 | %The HPC market size is estimated today by FPGA providers at 214\,M\$. |
---|
| 65 | %Using FPGA limits the NRE costs to the design cost. |
---|
| 66 | %This boosts the developpment of automatic design tools and methodologies. |
---|
| 67 | % |
---|
[307] | 68 | \subsubsection*{FPGAs and High Performance Computing} |
---|
[289] | 69 | Today, several companies (Atipa, blue-arc, Bull, Chelsio, Convey, CRAY, DataDirect, DELL, hp, |
---|
| 70 | Wild Systems, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Myricom, NEC, nvidia etc) are making systems where demand |
---|
| 71 | for very high performance (HPC) primes over other requirements. They tend to use the highest |
---|
| 72 | performing devices like Multi-core CPUs, GPUs, large FPGAs, custom ICs and the most innovative |
---|
| 73 | architectures and algorithms. These companies show up in different "traditional" applications and market |
---|
| 74 | segments like computing clusters (ad-hoc), servers and storage, networking and Telecom, ASIC |
---|
| 75 | emulation and prototyping, military/aereo etc. The HPC market size is estimated today by FPGA providers |
---|
| 76 | at 214\,M\$. |
---|
| 77 | This market is dominated by Multi-core CPUs and GPUs based solutions and the expansion |
---|
| 78 | of FPGA-based solutions is limited by the lack of design automation. |
---|
[307] | 79 | % |
---|
| 80 | \subsubsection*{Evolution of architectures} |
---|
| 81 | Nowadays processors mixing core and programmable matrix are available on the market (eg. Intel ATOM E600C). |
---|
[312] | 82 | Donald Newell, AMD technical manager, envisions that such circuits will be at the heart of most of the electronic |
---|
[307] | 83 | products (eg. PDAs and nomad items) and even personal computers. |
---|
| 84 | To take benefit of such architecture, developping and deploying application will require innovative codesign methods and tools. |
---|
| 85 | |
---|
| 86 | % |
---|
| 87 | \subsubsection*{COACH's contribution to this evolution} |
---|
[289] | 88 | Nowadays, there are no commercial or academic tools covering the whole design flow |
---|
[319] | 89 | from the system level specification to the bitstream generation, either for embedded system design |
---|
| 90 | or for HPC. |
---|
[289] | 91 | \begin{center}\begin{minipage}{.9\linewidth}\textit{ |
---|
| 92 | The aim of the COACH project is to integrate all these design steps into a single design framework |
---|
| 93 | and to allow \textbf{pure software} developpers to design embedded systems. |
---|
| 94 | }\end{minipage}\end{center} |
---|
[307] | 95 | % |
---|
[289] | 96 | The COACH project proposes an open-source framework for mapping multi-tasks software applications |
---|
| 97 | on Field Programmable Gate Array circuits (FPGA). |
---|
| 98 | It aims to propose solutions to the societal/economical challenges by |
---|
| 99 | providing SMEs novel design capabilities enabling them to increase their |
---|
| 100 | design productivity with design exploration and synthesis methods that are placed on top |
---|
| 101 | of the state-of-the-art methods. |
---|
| 102 | We believe that the combination of a design environment dedicated to software developpers |
---|
| 103 | and FPGA targets, |
---|
| 104 | will allow small and even very small companies to propose embedded system and accelerating solutions |
---|
| 105 | for standard software applications with attractive and competitive prices. |
---|
| 106 | This new market may explode in the same way as the micro-computer market in the eighties, |
---|
| 107 | whose success was due to the low cost of the first micro-processors (compared to main frames) |
---|
| 108 | and the advent of high level programming languages which allowed a high number of programmers |
---|
| 109 | to launch start-ups in software engineering. |
---|
[312] | 110 | \\ |
---|
[319] | 111 | So this may increase the total%amount (paul) |
---|
| 112 | number of engineers working in this domain: today in France the total is only 26,000 of which 16,000 are in big companies \cite{rapport-ministere}. |
---|